Shloka 60

Sṛṣṭi-krama, Pratibimba-Upādhi, and Viṣṇu as Primary Brahman

with Pralaya and Nāma-Stuti

Devanagari script

महापराधाः संति लोके महात्मन्सहस्रशः शतशः कोटिशश्च / हरिश्च तान्क्षमते सर्वदैव नामत्रयस्मरणाद्वै कुपालुः

Transliteration

mahāparādhāḥ saṃti loke mahātmansahasraśaḥ śataśaḥ koṭiśaśca / hariśca tānkṣamate sarvadaiva nāmatrayasmaraṇādvai kupāluḥ

Translation

ഹേ മഹാത്മാവേ, ലോകത്തിൽ മഹാപരാധങ്ങൾ ആയിരങ്ങളായി, നൂറുകളായി, കോടികളായും ഉണ്ട്. എങ്കിലും കരുണാമയനായ ഹരി തന്റെ ത്രിനാമസ്മരണയാൽ അവയെല്ലാം എപ്പോഴും ക്ഷമിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word

• महापराधाः: great offenses
• महापराधाः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + aparādha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; Karmadhāraya: महान्तः अपराधाः

• सन्ति: exist
• सन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

• लोके: in the world
• लोके: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• महात्मन्: O great-souled one
• महात्मन्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular

• सहस्रशः: by thousands
• सहस्रशः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasraśas (अव्यय)
• Form: Distributive adverb (प्रकार/परिमाणवाचक-अव्यय)

• शतशः: by hundreds
• शतशः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śataśas (अव्यय)
• Form: Distributive adverb (परिमाणवाचक-अव्यय)

• कोटिशः: by crores
• कोटिशः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: koṭiśas (अव्यय)
• Form: Distributive adverb (परिमाणवाचक-अव्यय)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• हरिः: Hari
• हरिः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• च: also
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• तान्: those (offenses)
• तान्: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural

• क्षमते: forgives
• क्षमते: Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṣam (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person, Singular

• सर्वदा: always
• सर्वदा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात/अव्यय)

• नामत्रयस्मरणात्: from the remembrance of the three names
• नामत्रयस्मरणात्: Hetu (हेतु/cause; ablative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāma + traya + smaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; Compound: नाम्नां त्रयस्य स्मरणम् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात/अव्यय)

• कुपालुः: compassionate
• कुपालुः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/modifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛpālu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; adjective qualifying हरिः

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (Hari) addressing Garuda (Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Even innumerable great offenses can be forgiven by Hari through remembrance of His ‘threefold Name’ (nāma-traya).

Vedantic Theme: Grace (anugraha) complements effort; nāma as a direct means (sādhana) that purifies citta and turns the mind to Brahman/Nārāyaṇa.

Application: Adopt daily nāma-japa/smaraṇa, especially in remorse; pair remembrance with resolve to reform and with humility.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: cosmic region

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: recurring praise of Viṣṇu-nāma as purifier and protector, especially in Kali-yuga contexts

Characters & Entities

• Hari (Vishnu)
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of remembering the Divine Name in the Garuda Purana?

This verse states that even countless major offenses can be forgiven by Hari through nāma-smaraṇa (remembrance of His Names), emphasizing devotion as a powerful purifier of karma.

How does this verse relate to karma and the consequences of sin?

It acknowledges the vast accumulation of wrongdoing in worldly life, but teaches that divine grace—accessed through sincere remembrance of Hari’s Names—can mitigate and pardon karmic burdens.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate daily nāma-smaraṇa (japa, kirtan, or mindful repetition of Vishnu’s names) along with ethical living, using remembrance as a steady practice of repentance, self-correction, and devotion.