Shloka 4

Gradations of Bliss and Knowledge; Lakṣmī’s Special Insight; The Rarity of Bhakti in Kali-yuga; Nīlā’s Vow and Śrīnivāsa Darśana

Devanagari script

ज्ञानानन्दबलादीनां वायुपर्यन्तमेव च / सहस्रांशैर्विहीनत्वं ज्ञानादीनां महेश्वर

Transliteration

jñānānandabalādīnāṃ vāyuparyantameva ca / sahasrāṃśairvihīnatvaṃ jñānādīnāṃ maheśvara

Translation

ഹേ മഹേശ്വരാ! ജ്ഞാനം, ആനന്ദം, ബലം മുതലായവ മുതൽ വായു-തത്ത്വം വരെ—ഓരോന്നും ക്രമമായി സഹസ്രാംശം വീതം വിഹീനമായി (ആയിരത്തിൽ ഒരു ഭാഗം പോലെ കുറയുന്നു); ഇങ്ങനെ ജ്ഞാനാദി ഗുണങ്ങൾ ക്രമേണ ക്ഷയിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word

• ज्ञान-आनन्द-बल-आदीनाम्: of knowledge, bliss, strength, etc.
• ज्ञान-आनन्द-बल-आदीनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + आनन्द (प्रातिपदिक) + बल (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समाहार-द्वन्द्व/इतर-द्वन्द्वसमूह (list-compound with आदि); षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध, बहुवचन

• वायु-पर्यन्तम्: up to Vāyu
• वायु-पर्यन्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक) + पर्यन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (‘up to Vāyu’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• सहस्र-अंशैः: by thousand portions
• सहस्र-अंशैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक) + अंश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास; तृतीया/करण, बहुवचन

• विहीनत्वम्: lack/devoidness
• विहीनत्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विहीनत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ज्ञान-आदीनाम्: of knowledge and the rest
• ज्ञान-आदीनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (‘of knowledge etc.’); षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध, बहुवचन

• महेश्वर: O Maheśvara
• महेश्वर: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय समास (‘great lord’); पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuda/Vinata-putra; vocative 'Maheśvara' retained from the received verse wording)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Successive principles/qualities—knowledge, bliss, strength, etc., up to Vāyu—are each reduced by a thousandth part in sequence (hierarchical diminution).

Vedantic Theme: Relative excellence within saguṇa/prakṛtic strata; implicit contrast with the non-diminishing fullness of Brahman/Īśvara.

Application: Use graded models to avoid category errors: do not equate lower experiential states with higher ones; cultivate discernment about relative capacities.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.19.6-7 (ānanda-portion logic; infinite excellence)

Characters & Entities

• Vayu

FAQs

What is the importance of the 'thousandfold diminution' teaching in Garuda Purana?

This verse frames a technical hierarchy where subtle qualities like knowledge and strength progressively weaken across successive principles up to Vāyu, helping explain graded states of subtle existence described in the Preta Kanda.

How does this verse relate to the soul’s post-death experience in the Garuda Purana?

By describing diminishing capacities (jñāna, ānanda, bala, etc.) across subtle levels, it supports the Purana’s depiction that a departed being’s experience and agency depend on the subtler constitution and its gradations.

What is a practical application of this wisdom today?

It encourages cultivating steadiness of knowledge and inner strength through dharma and disciplined practice, recognizing that worldly capacities fluctuate and can diminish across changing states of life and mind.