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Shloka 4

Gāyatrī–Sandhyā Upāsanā: Śuddhi, Nyāsa, and Japa-Viniyoga

Devanagari script

ॐ भूः ॐ भुवः ॐ स्वः ॐ महः ॐ जनः ॐ तपः ॐ सत्यं तत्स्त्रिपदा / ॐ आपो ज्यो ऽती रसो ऽमृतं ब्रह्म भूर्भुवः स्वरोम् / ॐ सूर्यश्चेत्यादि / ॐ आपः पुनन्त्वित्यादि / ॐ अग्निश्चेत्यादि

Transliteration

oṃ bhūḥ oṃ bhuvaḥ oṃ svaḥ oṃ mahaḥ oṃ janaḥ oṃ tapaḥ oṃ satyaṃ tatstripadā / oṃ āpo jyo 'tī raso 'mṛtaṃ brahma bhūrbhuvaḥ svarom / oṃ sūryaścetyādi / oṃ āpaḥ punantvityādi / oṃ agniścetyādi

Translation

“ഓം ഭൂഃ, ഓം ഭുവഃ, ഓം സ്വഃ; ഓം മഹഃ, ഓം ജനഃ, ഓം തപഃ, ഓം സത്യം”—അത് ത്രിപദമായ പരമതത്ത്വം. “ഓം ആപഃ, ജ്യോതി, രസ, അമൃത, ബ്രഹ്മ; ഭൂർഭുവഃ സ്വരോം।” തുടർന്ന് “ഓം സൂര്യശ്ച…”, “ഓം ആപഃ പുനന്തു…”, “ഓം അഗ്നിശ്ച…” തുടങ്ങിയ മന്ത്രങ്ങൾ വരുന്നു।

Word by Word
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
भूःbhūḥ
भूः:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूः (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृति-रूप अव्यय
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
भुवःbhuvaḥ
भुवः:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभुवः (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृति-रूप अव्यय
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
स्वःsvaḥ
स्वः:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वः (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृति-रूप अव्यय
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
महःmahaḥ
महः:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहः (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृति-रूप अव्यय
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
जनःjanaḥ
जनः:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजनः (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृति-रूप अव्यय
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
तपःtapaḥ
तपः:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतपः (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृति-रूप अव्यय
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
सत्यंsatyaṃ
सत्यं:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसत्यं (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृति-रूप अव्यय
तत्that
तत्:
Samanaadhikarana (Apposition/समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; संकेत-सर्वनाम
त्रिपदाthree-footed/three-pāda
त्रिपदा:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि + पद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (त्रीणि पदानि यस्याः/यस्य)
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआप् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (बहुवचन-प्रयोगः), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
ज्योतिःlight
ज्योतिः:
Samanaadhikarana (Apposition/समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
रसःessence/juice
रसः:
Samanaadhikarana (Apposition/समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootरस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
अमृतम्nectar/immortality
अमृतम्:
Samanaadhikarana (Apposition/समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
ब्रह्मBrahman
ब्रह्म:
Samanaadhikarana (Apposition/समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
भूर्भुवःbhūr-bhuvaḥ
भूर्भुवः:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूः + भुवः (व्याहृति)
Formव्याहृतिद्वय-समुच्चय
स्वरॐsvaḥ + oṃ
स्वरॐ:
Mantra-component
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वः + ॐ (व्याहृति+प्रणव)
Formमन्त्रसमुच्चय (स्वः इति व्याहृतिः + ॐ)
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
सूर्यःSun
सूर्यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
चand
च:
Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
इतिthus
इति:
Quotation marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-निपात (quotative particle)
आदिetc.
आदि:
Textual marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formआदिशब्दः अव्ययीभूतः; ‘इत्यादि’ प्रयोगे अव्ययवत्
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआप् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
पुनन्तुmay (they) purify
पुनन्तु:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपू (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
इतिthus
इति:
Quotation marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-निपात
आदिetc.
आदि:
Textual marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Form‘इत्यादि’ प्रयोगे अव्ययवत्
ॐOṃ
ॐ:
Mantra-marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootॐ (प्रणव-अव्यय)
Formप्रणव-निपात
अग्निःAgni
अग्निः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
चand
च:
Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात
इतिthus
इति:
Quotation marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-निपात
आदिetc.
आदि:
Textual marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Form‘इत्यादि’ प्रयोगे अव्ययवत्
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinatā-putra, presenting mantra-vidhi)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vyāhṛtis and praṇava point to Brahman as waters/light/essence/immortality; mantra as ladder from gross to subtle.

Vedantic Theme: Brahman as satyam-jñānam-anantam; progression from loka-identification to the one Reality signified by Oṃ.

Application: Chant vyāhṛtis with reflective meaning (artha-bhāvanā): ground (bhūḥ), vital space (bhuvaḥ), luminous mind (svaḥ), then subtler planes; conclude with inward silence after Oṃ.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: ritual space (sandhyā/upanayana setting)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: sandhyā-mantra sequences and purification mantras (‘āpaḥ punantu’, ‘agniś ca’) used in daily rites

Characters & Entities
B
Brahman
S
Surya
A
Agni
A
Apah (Waters)

FAQs

This verse presents the vyāhṛtis as sacred cosmic utterances used to invoke and align the practitioner with the ordered worlds, serving as a foundational purification and consecration before further rites.

By listing purification mantras (waters, light, Brahman, and invocations to the Sun and Agni), it indicates the mantra framework commonly employed to sanctify the performer and the ritual space—an essential prerequisite for śrāddha, piṇḍa-dāna, and related observances.

Use these mantras as a brief purification and centering practice—remembering the cosmic order (lokas) and invoking purity (āpaḥ), clarity (jyotiḥ), and reverence (Brahman)—before any prayer, ancestral rite, or ethical vow.

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