Shloka 1

Prastāra–Naṣṭa Procedures and Enumeration of Chandas

Laghu–Guru Computation

नामैकादशोत्तरद्विशशततमो ऽध्यायः सूत उवाच / प्रस्तार आद्यगो ऽथो लः परतुल्यो ऽथ पूर्वगः / नष्टमध्ये समेंऽके लः समे ऽर्धे विषमे गुरुः

nāmaikādaśottaradviśaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ sūta uvāca / prastāra ādyago 'tho laḥ paratulyo 'tha pūrvagaḥ / naṣṭamadhye sameṃ'ke laḥ same 'rdhe viṣame guruḥ

സൂതൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഇത് ഇരുനൂറ്റി പന്ത്രണ്ടാം അധ്യായം. ‘പ്രസ്താര’ രീതിയിൽ ആദി ചിഹ്നം ‘ല’; തുടർന്ന് മുൻക്രമത്തെ അനുസരിച്ച് വിന്യാസം. ‘നഷ്ട’ (പുനർനിർമ്മാണ) രീതിയിൽ സംഖ്യ സമമായാൽ ‘ല’; അതിന്റെ അർദ്ധവും സമമായാൽ ‘ല’ തന്നെ; വിഷമമായാൽ ‘ഗുരു’ (ദീർഘ) എന്നു കരുതണം.

nāmanamed
nāma:
Sambandha (Naming/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāma (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; नाम-शब्दः (marker: ‘called/namely’)
ekādaśa-uttara-dvi-śata-tamaḥthe two-hundred-and-eleventh
ekādaśa-uttara-dvi-śata-tamaḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootekādaśa (संख्या) + uttara (प्रातिपदिक) + dvi (संख्या) + śata (प्रातिपदिक) + tama (तद्धित/प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण; तत्पुरुष-समास (द्विशतस्य एकादशोत्तरः; ‘-तम’ ordinal)
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
sūtaḥSūta
sūtaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच्)
Formलिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद
prastāraḥprastāra (metrical expansion/table)
prastāraḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprastāra (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-परिभाषा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
ādyagaḥstarting from the first
ādyagaḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootādya (प्रातिपदिक) + ga (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त from √gam)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (आद्यं गच्छति/आद्यः गः = first-going/starting)
athothen
atho:
Sambandha (Sequencer/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha + u (अव्यय-सन्धि)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रमणार्थक (then/next)
laḥ‘la’ (symbol)
laḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootla (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-प्रतीक/लघु-चिह्न)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; परिभाषा-शब्द
paratulyaḥequal to the next/other
paratulyaḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक) + tulya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मधारय (परः तुल्यः)
athathen
atha:
Sambandha (Sequencer/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रमणार्थक
pūrvagaḥgoing to the previous (one)
pūrvagaḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + ga (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त from √gam)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (पूर्वं गच्छति)
naṣṭa-madhyein the middle of the naṣṭa (procedure)
naṣṭa-madhye:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnaṣṭa (कृदन्त, √naś नाशे; PPP) + madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक/पुं; सप्तमी एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (नष्टस्य मध्ये)
samein the even (case)
same:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक/पुं; सप्तमी एकवचन; विशेषण (in the even)
aṅkein the number/position
aṅke:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootaṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन
laḥ‘la’
laḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootla (प्रातिपदिक; प्रतीक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
samein the even
same:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक/पुं; सप्तमी एकवचन
ardhein the half
ardhe:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootardha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन
viṣamein the odd
viṣame:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootviṣama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक/पुं; सप्तमी एकवचन
guruḥguru (heavy syllable)
guruḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

Sūta

Concept: Prastāra (systematic expansion) and Naṣṭa (reconstruction) procedures using ‘la’ and guru/laghu decisions based on even/odd (parity) of numbers and halves.

Vedantic Theme: Buddhi-niyama (disciplined intellect) and the idea that śabda-structure can be generated/recovered by rule—order underlying apparent complexity.

Application: Apply parity checks to generate or reconstruct metrical patterns; useful for students of prosody and for verifying manuscript readings.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.211.9 (transition from metre types to computational methods); Garuda Purana 1.212.2+ (expected continuation of prastāra/naṣṭa rules in the chapter)

S
Sūta

FAQs

This verse frames Prastāra (listing metrical patterns) and Naṣṭa (reconstructing a pattern from an index) as practical rules for handling laghu–guru sequences, supporting correct chandas and precise recitation.

It gives a parity rule: if the index is even, place laghu (la); then examine the half—if the half is even, laghu again; if the half is odd, guru—thus deriving the metrical sequence step-by-step.

Use these rules to verify meter while chanting or editing Sanskrit texts—ensuring syllable-length accuracy (laghu/guru), which improves correctness in mantra, stotra, and śloka recitation.