Shloka 4
Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras
Tense–Mood System
अमौशसो द्वितीया स्यात्तत्कर्म क्रियते च यत् / द्वितीया कर्मणि प्रोक्तान्तरान्तरेण संयुते
amauśaso dvitīyā syāttatkarma kriyate ca yat / dvitīyā karmaṇi proktāntarāntareṇa saṃyute
‘അം, ഔട്, ശസ്’ എന്നിവകൊണ്ട് ദ്വിതീയാ വിഭക്തി. ഏതിനോടു സംബന്ധിച്ച് ക്രിയ നടക്കുന്നു അതാണ് ‘കർമ്മം’; ഇടയിൽ മറ്റുപദങ്ങൾ വന്നാലും ദ്വിതീയാ കർമ്മാർത്ഥകമെന്നു പ്രസ്താവിക്കുന്നു।
Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinatā-putra)
Concept: Accusative (dvitīyā) marks the object (karma) toward which an action is directed, even across intervening words/phrases.
Vedantic Theme: Clarity of agency and object in language mirrors clarity in understanding doership and action—useful for ethical and contemplative discernment.
Application: While reading complex compounds or interrupted constructions, track the accusative to identify the true object of the verb.
Primary Rasa: shanta
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205.4 (dvitīyā—karma relation; antarāntara connection)
FAQs
This verse states that dvitīyā primarily marks the karma—the direct object toward which an action is performed—helping readers interpret ritual and dharma instructions precisely.
By clarifying that the accusative can apply even indirectly (with intervening words), it prevents misreading of who/what an action targets—crucial for accurate meaning in prescriptive passages.
When reading or reciting dharmic/ritual texts, identify the verb and its intended object (karma); this reduces confusion and supports correct performance and understanding of duties.