Shloka 66

Oṣadhi-nāma-nirdeśa: Paryāya (Synonyms) of Herbs, Minerals, and Classical Measures

Devanagari script

अद्रिसारस्त्वयस्तीक्ष्णं लोहकञ्चापि कथ्यते / माक्षिकं मधु च क्षौद्रं तच्च पुष्परसं स्मृतम्

Transliteration

adrisārastvayastīkṣṇaṃ lohakañcāpi kathyate / mākṣikaṃ madhu ca kṣaudraṃ tacca puṣparasaṃ smṛtam

Translation

‘അദ്രിസാരം’ ‘തീക്ഷ്ണ അയം’ (മൂർച്ചയുള്ള ഇരുമ്പ്) എന്നും വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു; അതിനെ ‘ലോഹകം’ എന്നും പറയുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ‘മാക്ഷികം’, ‘മധു’, ‘ക്ഷൗദ്രം’—ഇവയെല്ലാം ‘പുഷ്പരസം’ (പൂക്കളുടെ സാരം, അതായത് തേൻ) എന്നു സ്മരിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.

Word by Word

• अद्रिसारः: essence of mountain/ore (name)
• अद्रिसारः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रि + सार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अद्रेः सारः)

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)

• अयः: iron
• अयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तीक्ष्णम्: sharp/strong (steel)
• तीक्ष्णम्: Predicate/Qualifier (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तीक्ष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• लोहकम्: lohaka (metal; iron)
• लोहकम्: Karta/Karma (Contextual)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोहक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Connector (Samuccaya/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय (also/even)

• कथ्यते: is said/called
• कथ्यते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कथ् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

• माक्षिकम्: mākṣika (a mineral; pyrite)
• माक्षिकम्: Karta/Karma (Contextual)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माक्षिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• मधु: honey
• मधु: Karta/Karma (Contextual)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Connector (Samuccaya/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• क्षौद्रम्: kṣaudra (honey)
• क्षौद्रम्: Karta/Karma (Contextual)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षौद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: Anaphoric (Reference/अनुवाद)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: Connector (Samuccaya/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पुष्परसम्: flower-juice (name)
• पुष्परसम्: Predicate (Name/संज्ञा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुष्प + रस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (पुष्पस्य रसः)

• स्मृतम्: is known/considered
• स्मृतम्: Predicate (State/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्मृ (धातु) → स्मृत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘is remembered/known as’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: One reality may be approached through multiple functional names: iron by source/quality; honey by essence/origin (flowers).

Vedantic Theme: Unity-in-diversity of nāma-rūpa; functional designation (vyavahāra) for practical ends.

Application: Recognize ‘adrisāra/ayastīkṣṇa/lohaka’ as iron terms and ‘mākṣika/madhu/kṣaudra/puṣpa-rasa’ as honey terms when reading recipes or prescriptions.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.204 (iron and honey synonymy within dravya-nāma lists)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of defining substances like adrisāra and madhu in the Garuda Purana?

This verse functions as a glossary, clarifying synonyms for metals and honey so that ritual, medicinal, or offering instructions are not misunderstood.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly describe the soul’s journey; instead, it supports accurate practice and interpretation by standardizing technical vocabulary used elsewhere in the text.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When reading or performing Garuda Purana-related rites, use these synonym-mappings (e.g., madhu/kṣaudra = honey) to select correct materials and avoid textual confusion.