Shloka 13

Oṣadhi-nāma-nirdeśa: Paryāya (Synonyms) of Herbs, Minerals, and Classical Measures

Devanagari script

व्योषं कटुत्रयं विद्यात्त्र्यूषणं तच्च कीर्त्यते / लाङ्गली हलिनी च स्याच्छेयसी गज पिप्पली

Transliteration

vyoṣaṃ kaṭutrayaṃ vidyāttryūṣaṇaṃ tacca kīrtyate / lāṅgalī halinī ca syāccheyasī gaja pippalī

Translation

‘വ്യോഷ’ എന്നു പറയുന്നത് കട്ടു-ത്രയം; അതേ ‘ത്ര്യൂഷണ’ എന്നും കീർത്തിക്കുന്നു. ‘ലാങ്ഗലീ’യെ ‘ഹലിനീ’ എന്നും വിളിക്കുന്നു; ശ്രേഷ്ഠ ജാതി ‘ഗജ-പിപ്പലീ’ എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്നു.

Word by Word

• व्योषम्: vyoṣa (the pungent triad)
• व्योषम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्योष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• कटुत्रयम्: the three pungents
• कटुत्रयम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कटुत्रय (प्रातिपदिक; कटु+त्रय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समास: द्विगु (त्रयम् कटूनाम्)

• विद्यात्: one should know
• विद्यात्: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• त्र्यूषणम्: tryūṣaṇa (three ‘ūṣaṇa’ items)
• त्र्यूषणम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्र्यूषण (प्रातिपदिक; त्रि+ऊषण)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समास: द्विगु (त्रीणि ऊषणानि)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कीर्त्यते: is called/mentioned
• कीर्त्यते: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कीर्त् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

• लाङ्गली: lāṅgalī (a plant name)
• लाङ्गली: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लाङ्गली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• हलिनी: halinī (a name)
• हलिनी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हलिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• स्यात्: may be/is (should be)
• स्यात्: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• शेयसी: śeyasī (a name; ‘better’)
• शेयसी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेयसी (प्रातिपदिक; श्रेयस्-तद्धित/स्त्री)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• गज: elephant (gaja-)
• गज: Sambandha (Qualifier/विशेषण-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण)

• पिप्पली: gaja-pippalī (a variety/name of pippalī)
• पिप्पली: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिप्पली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासार्थ: कर्मधारय (गज-पिप्पली = ‘gaja’ named pippalī)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Correct grouping and naming (saṃjñā) supports right action—especially in medicine and ritual purity of practice.

Vedantic Theme: Order (ṛta-like) expressed as correct knowledge of names and forms (nāma-rūpa) for functional use.

Application: When a recipe calls for vyoṣa/tryūṣaṇa, supply the three pungents; recognize alternate names for lāṅgalī/halinī and identify gaja-pippalī as a superior pippalī variety.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.204.12 (pippalī/marica/śuṇṭhī); Garuda Purana 1.204.14-16 (continuing synonym lists)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the importance of Tryūṣaṇa (Katu-traya) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse identifies vyoṣa/tryūṣaṇa as the standard ‘three pungents’ group, showing the text’s Ayurvedic concern with precise formulations and synonym-lists for correct preparation.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not discuss the soul’s journey; instead, it functions as an Ayurvedic lexical note within the Garuda Purana, defining drug-groups and alternative plant names.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reference for interpreting Sanskrit Ayurvedic terms: vyoṣa/tryūṣaṇa indicates the ‘three pungents,’ and lāṅgalī/halinī/gaja-pippalī are synonym cues to avoid confusion in study or traditional formulations.