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Shloka 22

Visarpa Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa

Causes, Types, and Prognosis of Rapidly Spreading Eruptive Disorders

Devanagari script

बाह्यहेतोः क्षतात्क्रुद्ध्वः सरक्तं पित्तमीरयन् / वीसर्पं मारुतः कुर्यात्कुलत्थसदृशैश्चितम्

Transliteration

bāhyahetoḥ kṣatātkruddhvaḥ saraktaṃ pittamīrayan / vīsarpaṃ mārutaḥ kuryātkulatthasadṛśaiścitam

Translation

ബാഹ്യ കാരണം—മുറിവ് പോലുള്ളത്—മൂലം കോപിച്ച മാർുതൻ (വാതം) രക്തമിശ്രിത പിത്തത്തെ ഉത്തേജിപ്പിച്ച്, കുലത്ഥം പോലെയുള്ള പൊട്ടുകളോടുകൂടിയ വീസർപ്പത്തെ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word
बाह्यहेतोःfrom an external cause
बाह्यहेतोः:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootबाह्य + हेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th case), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (Masculine, Ablative singular; 'from an external cause')
क्षतात्from a wound
क्षतात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन (Ablative singular; 'from a wound')
क्रुद्ध्वःhaving become enraged
क्रुद्ध्वः:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Root√क्रुध् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive) (Having become angry)
सरक्तम्mixed with blood
सरक्तम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootस + रक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (Neuter, Accusative singular; 'with blood')
पित्तम्bile (pitta)
पित्तम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative singular)
ईरयन्agitating, setting in motion
ईरयन्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√ईर् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Present active participle; Masculine, Nominative singular)
वीसर्पम्erysipelas
वीसर्पम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवीसर्प (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative singular)
मारुतःwind (vāta)
मारुतः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमारुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative singular)
कुर्यात्would cause, may produce
कुर्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Optative, active, 3rd person singular)
कुलत्थसदृशैःwith (spots) resembling horse-gram
कुलत्थसदृशैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकुलत्थ + सदृश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (Instrumental plural; 'resembling horse-gram')
चितम्covered, filled
चितम्:
Karma (Object complement/कर्मपूरक)
TypeAdjective
Rootचित (√चि धातु; क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-कृदन्त (Neuter, Accusative singular; 'heaped/covered')
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Hetu–doṣa–dūṣya reasoning: external injury aggravates vāta, which mobilizes pitta with blood to manifest vīsarpa.

Vedantic Theme: Causality within prakṛti: effects arise from conditions; discernment (viveka) separates observer from observed processes.

Application: After injury, prevent doṣa aggravation: avoid drying/irritating factors that provoke vāta and heating factors that inflame pitta; monitor for rapid spread and kulattha-like papules.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.163.23-24: symptom complex and prognosis based on doṣa combinations; Garuda Purana 1.163 (overall): Ayurvedic nosology and doṣa theory

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
V
Vata (Maruta)
P
Pitta
R
Rakta

FAQs

This verse uses vīsarpa as a technical Ayurvedic example to show how external injury can aggravate vāta and mobilize pitta with blood, producing a fast-spreading disorder—illustrating doṣa-based causation.

It does not describe the soul’s journey here; instead, it presents a medical (Ayurvedic) teaching within the Garuda Purana’s broader encyclopedic instruction from Vishnu to Garuda.

Treat wounds carefully and watch for rapidly spreading, burning, painful eruptions—an early-warning model framed as vāta-driven spread with pitta-rakta involvement.

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