Shloka 12

Visarpa Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa

Causes, Types, and Prognosis of Rapidly Spreading Eruptive Disorders

Devanagari script

हिक्काञ्च स गतो ऽवस्थामीदृशीं लभते नरः / क्वचिन्मर्मारतिग्रस्तो भूमिशय्यासनादिषु

Transliteration

hikkāñca sa gato 'vasthāmīdṛśīṃ labhate naraḥ / kvacinmarmāratigrasto bhūmiśayyāsanādiṣu

Translation

അവനെ ഹിക്കയും പിടിക്കും; മനുഷ്യൻ ഇത്തരമൊരു അവസ്ഥയിൽ എത്തും. ചിലപ്പോൾ മർമ്മവേദന കൊണ്ട് പീഡിതനായി നിലത്തും കിടക്കയിലും ഇരിപ്പിടത്തിലും മുതലായവയിലും ആശ്വാസം ലഭിക്കില്ല.

Word by Word

• हिक्काम्: hiccup
• हिक्काम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिक्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• गतः: having gone / having reached
• गतः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गत (कृदन्त; √गम् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

• अवस्थाम्: condition, state
• अवस्थाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस्था (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• ईदृशीम्: such (of this kind)
• ईदृशीम्: Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईदृश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; अवस्था-विशेषण

• लभते: obtains
• लभते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √लभ् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• नरः: a man
• नरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• क्वचित्: sometimes / somewhere
• क्वचित्: Desha-Kala (Adverbial/देश-काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: क्वचित् (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: somewhere/sometimes)

• मर्म: vital spot
• मर्म: Samasa-member (Compound component/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (पूर्वपद)

• आरति: pain, distress
• आरति: Samasa-member (Compound component/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आरति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (मध्यपद)

• ग्रस्तः: afflicted by pain in vital spots
• ग्रस्तः: Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ग्रस्त (कृदन्त; √ग्रस् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त); ‘मर्म-आरति-ग्रस्तः’ = मर्मारत्या ग्रस्तः (तत्पुरुष)

• भूमि: ground
• भूमि: Samasa-member (Compound component/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (पूर्वपद)

• शय्या: bed, lying place
• शय्या: Samasa-member (Compound component/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शय्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (मध्यपद)

• आसन: ground, bed, and seat
• आसन: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘भूमि-शय्या-आसन’ = भूमिः + शय्या + आसनम् (समाहार-द्वन्द्व)

• आदि: and so on
• आदि: Sambandha (Etc.-marker/आदि)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: आदिवाचक (etc.)—समासान्त/प्रयोगे अव्ययवत्

• षु: in/on (locative plural ending)
• षु: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सु (सप्तमी-बहुवचन-प्रत्यय)
• Form: सुप्-प्रत्यय (सप्तमी बहुवचन) ‘-षु’; अत्र ‘...आदि-षु’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Systemic distress signs (hikkā) and positional intolerance indicate worsening internal derangement affecting prāṇa and marma.

Vedantic Theme: Duḥkha-darśana leading to dispassion; the body cannot be made a stable refuge.

Application: Treat hiccups and inability to rest as escalation; support prāṇa, reduce pain, and seek immediate medical attention.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.163 (hikkā and marma-vedanā as complications in vīsarpa)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu
• Marma

FAQs

Why does the Garuda Purana mention hiccups and restlessness in disease states?

They function as prognostic signs—hiccups, marma pain, and inability to rest indicate a severe, worsening condition.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not narrate post-death travel; it describes bodily crisis markers that, in traditional thought, may precede life-threatening decline.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Persistent hiccups with intense pain and inability to rest suggests serious illness—do not self-treat; seek urgent evaluation.