Shloka 12

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

पुरोविबन्धस्तिमिरं कासः श्वासः प्रजागरः / स्वेदो ऽतिमात्रं विष्टम्भः श्वयथुश्चित्तविभ्रमः

Transliteration

purovibandhastimiraṃ kāsaḥ śvāsaḥ prajāgaraḥ / svedo 'timātraṃ viṣṭambhaḥ śvayathuścittavibhramaḥ

Translation

ശരീരത്തിന്റെ മുൻഭാഗത്ത് തടസ്സബോധം, ദൃഷ്ടിയിൽ തിമിരം, ചുമ, ശ്വാസകഷ്ടം, നിദ്രയില്ലാത്ത ജാഗരണം, അത്യധിക വിയർപ്പ്, വിഷ്ടംഭം (മലബന്ധം/ഉദരതടസ്സം), ശോഥം, ചിത്തവിഭ്രമം—ഇവയും ലക്ഷണങ്ങളാണ്।

Word by Word

• पुरोविबन्धः: obstruction in front/constipation-type blockage
• पुरोविबन्धः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरस्-उपसर्ग + विबन्ध (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अव्ययीभावः ‘पुरः (अग्रे) विबन्धः’

• तिमिरम्: darkness/blurred vision
• तिमिरम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिमिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कासः: cough
• कासः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• श्वासः: breathlessness/asthma
• श्वासः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रजागरः: wakefulness/insomnia
• प्रजागरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र- + जागर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• स्वेदः: sweating
• स्वेदः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अतिमात्रम्: excessively
• अतिमात्रम्: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति-मात्र (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: अव्ययीभावः; क्रियाविशेषण ‘अतिमात्रम्’ (excessively)

• विष्टम्भः: distension/constipation
• विष्टम्भः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्टम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• श्वयथुः: swelling/edema
• श्वयथुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वयथु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• चित्तविभ्रमः: confusion of mind
• चित्तविभ्रमः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्त-विभ्रम (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘चित्तस्य विभ्रमः’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Unchecked imbalance manifests as escalating systemic symptoms; disciplined living prevents deterioration.

Vedantic Theme: Prāṇa disturbance affecting mind; suffering as consequence of loss of moderation.

Application: Treat as warning signs requiring cessation of intoxicants, medical attention for breathing/vision changes, and restoration of sleep and digestion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: continuation of madātyaya symptom descriptions in the same passage (immediate internal continuity).

Characters & Entities

• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of listing symptoms in the Garuda Purana?

This verse catalogs recognizable bodily and mental signs—breathlessness, insomnia, swelling, confusion—used to understand physical decline and prompt timely dharmic and practical responses.

How does this verse relate to the Garuda Purana’s teachings on life and death?

By identifying distress-signs in body and mind, the text frames human life as fragile and urges awareness and preparedness, aligning health, conduct, and spiritual duties with impermanence.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat these as warning signs: seek medical help for breathlessness/swelling/confusion, regulate lifestyle to reduce insomnia and constipation, and cultivate mental steadiness and ethical living in view of impermanence.