Shloka 37

Jvara-Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa: Causes, Doṣic Types, Āma/Nirāma Stages, and Prognosis of Fever

Devanagari script

वैकृतो ऽन्यः स दुः साध्यः प्रायश्च प्राकृतो ऽनिलात् / वर्षासु मारुतो दुष्टः पित्तश्लेष्मान्वितं ज्वरम्

Transliteration

vaikṛto 'nyaḥ sa duḥ sādhyaḥ prāyaśca prākṛto 'nilāt / varṣāsu māruto duṣṭaḥ pittaśleṣmānvitaṃ jvaram

Translation

മറ്റൊരു ‘വൈകൃത’ ജ്വരം ഉണ്ട്; അത് സാധാരണയായി ദുഃസാധ്യം. ‘പ്രാകൃത’ ജ്വരം വാതം (വായു) മൂലമാണ്. വർഷാകാലത്ത് വായു ദുഷ്ടമായാൽ പിത്തവും ശ്ലേഷ്മവും (കഫം) ചേർന്ന ജ്വരം ഉണ്ടാകുന്നു.

Word by Word

• vaikṛtaḥ: abnormal, deranged
• vaikṛtaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vaikṛta (प्रातिपदिक; vi-kṛta- ‘विकृत’ से)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (Masculine, Nominative singular; adjective)

• anyaḥ: another
• anyaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (Masculine, Nominative singular; adjective)

• saḥ: that (one)
• saḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (Masculine, Nominative singular; pronoun)

• duḥsādhyaḥ: difficult to cure
• duḥsādhyaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dus + sādhya (प्रातिपदिक; √sādh (धातु) से साध्य)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; नञ्/उपसर्ग-पूर्वक तत्पुरुषसमास; विशेषण (Masculine, Nominative singular; adjective)

• prāyaḥ: generally, mostly
• prāyaḥ: Sambandha/Modifier (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (indeclinable adverb)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• prākṛtaḥ: natural, ordinary
• prākṛtaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prākṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (Masculine, Nominative singular; adjective)

• anilāt: from wind (vāta)
• anilāt: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; अपादान (Masculine, Ablative singular)

• varṣāsu: in the rainy season(s)
• varṣāsu: Adhikarana (Location/Time अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; अधिकरण (Feminine, Locative plural)

• mārutaḥ: wind (vāta)
• mārutaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māruta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative singular)

• duṣṭaḥ: vitiated, corrupted
• duṣṭaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; √duṣ (धातु) से क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle used adjectivally)

• pittaśleṣmānvitaṃ: associated with bile and phlegm
• pittaśleṣmānvitaṃ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pitta (प्रातिपदिक) + śleṣman (प्रातिपदिक) + anvita (प्रातिपदिक; √i (धातु) से क्त ‘अन्वित’)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमास (pitta-śleṣman- ‘पित्तश्लेष्म’ + anvita ‘युक्त’); विशेषण (Neuter, Accusative singular; adjective)

• jvaram: fever
• jvaram: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative singular)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Understanding doṣa causation and seasonal aggravation to guide treatment and conduct.

Vedantic Theme: Deha as instrument for dharma; prakṛti-vikṛti discernment as applied viveka.

Application: Observe rainy-season vāta aggravation; anticipate pitta-kapha association in fever; seek timely regimen and therapy rather than neglect.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.147 (Ayurveda/roga-nidāna context): doṣa-ṛtu relations and jvara types

FAQs

What is the importance of classifying jvara (fever) as vaikṛta and prākṛta in the Garuda Purana?

This verse distinguishes difficult-to-treat, deranged fevers (vaikṛta) from more ordinary fevers (prākṛta), framing illness through doṣa-based causation—especially vāta’s role—so one can understand prognosis and seasonal risk.

How does this verse explain the cause of fever in the rainy season?

It states that during the rains, vāyu (vāta/māruta) tends to become vitiated, and that aggravated vāta can generate fever accompanied by pitta and kapha (śleṣman).

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat the rainy season as a higher-risk period for vāta disturbance: prioritize routine, warm/light diet, and timely care if fever presents with mixed pitta-kapha features, recognizing that some presentations may be harder to resolve.