Shloka 10

Budhāṣṭamī / Mahārudra Vrata: Procedure, Mantra, and the Story of Kauśika and Vijayā

Devanagari script

दुहिता विजयानाम्नी व (ध) नपालो वृषो ऽभवत् / गृहीत्वा कौशिकस्तं च ग्रीष्मे गङ्गां गतो ऽरमत्

Transliteration

duhitā vijayānāmnī va (dha) napālo vṛṣo 'bhavat / gṛhītvā kauśikastaṃ ca grīṣme gaṅgāṃ gato 'ramat

Translation

അവന്റെ പുത്രിക്ക് വിജയാ എന്നായിരുന്നു പേര്; ധനപാലൻ വൃഷഭനായി മാറി. അവനെ കൂട്ടിക്കൊണ്ട് കൗശികൻ ഗ്രീഷ്മകാലത്ത് ഗംഗയിലേക്കു പോയി അവിടെ വ്രതാനന്ദത്തോടെ പാർത്തു.

Word by Word

• दुहिता: daughter
• दुहिता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विजया-नाम्नी: named Vijayā
• विजया-नाम्नी: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विजया (प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (विजया इति नाम यस्याः); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; दुहिता विशेषणम्

• व: or/variant marker
• व: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: व (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प/उपमा/अनुनासिक-प्रयोगेषु; अत्र पाठभेदसूचकः (variant reading marker)

• धनपालः: Dhanapāla (name)
• धनपालः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनपाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (पाठभेदे "धनपालो")

• वृषः: a bull
• वृषः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अभवत्: became/was
• अभवत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; "became/was"

• गृहीत्वा: having taken
• गृहीत्वा: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययीभावरूप कृदन्त (absolutive/gerund): "having taken"

• कौशिकः: Kauśika
• कौशिकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौशिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तम्: him/that one
• तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वृषम्/धनपालम् इत्यस्य निर्देशः

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• ग्रीष्मे: in summer
• ग्रीष्मे: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रीष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; कालाधिकरणम्

• गङ्गाम्: to the Gaṅgā
• गङ्गाम्: Karma (Goal/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गमनकर्मणि गन्तव्य-देशः

• गतः: gone
• गतः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कौशिकः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• अरमत्: sported/enjoyed
• अरमत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; "enjoyed/sported"

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda, Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Pitta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Embodied states (even animal forms) can be tied to karmic narrative; tīrtha-sevā and vrata observance are portrayed as remedial/purificatory acts.

Vedantic Theme: Karma’s continuity across forms; sacred action as means to purification.

Application: Undertake disciplined observances at sacred places with compassion toward dependent beings; interpret hardship as call to dharmic response.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: sacred river/ghāṭa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.132.10-11 (Gaṅgā stay leading to loss and distress)

Characters & Entities

• Vijayā
• Dhanapāla
• Kauśika
• Gaṅgā

FAQs

What is the importance of the Gaṅgā in Garuda Purana narratives?

This verse presents Gaṅgā as a sacred destination connected with observance and purification, where a sage (Kauśika) goes and remains engaged in his practice.

How does this verse explain karma through transformation?

By stating that Dhanapāla ‘became a bull,’ the verse signals a karmic consequence or narrative turning-point where a being’s condition changes, setting up the moral-causal thread of the episode.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat actions as carrying long-term consequences, and value disciplined pilgrimage/retreat-like periods (time set aside for dharma and self-restraint) as part of ethical living.