Shloka 2

Śivarātri Vrata: Timing, Accidental Merit, and the Complete Night-Vigil Procedure

Devanagari script

ईश्वरौवाच / माघफाल्गुनयोर्मध्ये कृष्णा या तु चतुर्दशी / तस्यां जागरणाद्रुद्रः पूजितो भुक्तिमुक्तिदः

Transliteration

īśvarauvāca / māghaphālgunayormadhye kṛṣṇā yā tu caturdaśī / tasyāṃ jāgaraṇādrudraḥ pūjito bhuktimuktidaḥ

Translation

ഈശ്വരൻ അരുളിച്ചെയ്തു—മാഘവും ഫാൽഗുണവും തമ്മിൽ വരുന്ന കൃഷ്ണ ചതുര്ദശിയിൽ രാത്രിജാഗരണം ചെയ്താൽ രുദ്രൻ പൂജിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു; അവൻ ഭോഗവും മോക്ഷവും ഇരണ്ടും നൽകുന്നു.

Word by Word

• ईश्वरः: Īśvara (Śiva)
• ईश्वरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (वक्ता)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• माघफाल्गुनयोः: of Māgha and Phālguna (months)
• माघफाल्गुनयोः: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माघ (प्रातिपदिक) + फाल्गुन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/षष्ठी), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (of Māgha and Phālguna)

• मध्ये: in the middle/between
• मध्ये: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; अधिकरण

• कृष्णा: dark (fortnight)
• कृष्णा: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पक्षविशेषण (dark/krishna fortnight)

• या: which
• या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम

• तु: indeed
• तु: Discourse-marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक-निपात (but/indeed)

• चतुर्दशी: the fourteenth (tithi)
• चतुर्दशी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर्दशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तिथिनाम

• तस्याम्: on that (tithi)
• तस्याम्: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अधिकरण (in that)

• जागरणात्: from (keeping) vigil
• जागरणात्: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जागरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; हेत्वर्थ (cause: from/through vigil)

• रुद्रः: Rudra
• रुद्रः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पूजितः: worshipped
• पूजितः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √पूज् (धातु) → पूजित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगे (having been worshipped)

• भुक्तिमुक्तिदः: giver of enjoyment and liberation
• भुक्तिमुक्तिदः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + मुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + द (प्रातिपदिक; √दा)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘भुक्तिं च मुक्तिं च ददाति’ (giver of enjoyment and liberation)

Speaker

Īśvara (the Lord; in Garuḍa Purāṇa dialogue typically Lord Viṣṇu addressing Garuḍa)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Jāgaraṇa and pūjā on Śivarātri yield both bhukti (worldly fruition) and mukti (liberation).

Vedantic Theme: Grace-oriented upāsanā: īśvara-pūjā as a means that can culminate in liberation when joined with devotion and discipline.

Application: Observe night vigil on the specified kṛṣṇa caturdaśī; perform Rudra-pūjā with steadiness, mantra, and restraint.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: ritual time (Māgha–Phālguna kṛṣṇa caturdaśī)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.124.1 (Śivarātri-vrata introduction); Garuda Purana 1.124.3 (fasting and deliverance from naraka)

Characters & Entities

• Rudra (Śiva)
• Māgha
• Phālguna
• Kṛṣṇa-pakṣa
• Caturdaśī

FAQs

What is the importance of Krishna Chaturdashi between Māgha and Phālguna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights that the Krishna Chaturdashi occurring between Māgha and Phālguna is especially suited for Rudra worship, where night-vigil (jāgaraṇa) is emphasized as the key observance.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in Garuda Purana teachings?

While not describing the after-death journey directly, it presents a practical sādhanā: devotion and disciplined observance (vigil on a sacred tithi) that supports both dharmic life (bhukti) and the ultimate aim of release (mukti).

Practical application of this wisdom today?

On the relevant Krishna Chaturdashi, observe a night vigil with Rudra/Śiva pūjā (as per one’s tradition), keeping the focus on self-restraint, remembrance, and sincere worship aimed at inner purification.