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Shloka 11

Varṇāśrama-ācāra, Aśauca (Sūtaka) Regulations, and Prāyaścitta with Funeral-Rite Notes

Devanagari script

क्षत्त्रो दशाहाद्वैश्यास्तु द्वादशाहान्मासि शूद्रकः / याति विप्रो दशाहात्तु क्षत्त्रो द्वादशकाद्दिनात्

Transliteration

kṣattro daśāhādvaiśyāstu dvādaśāhānmāsi śūdrakaḥ / yāti vipro daśāhāttu kṣattro dvādaśakāddināt

Translation

ക്ഷത്രിയൻ പത്ത് ദിവസത്തിൽ, വൈശ്യൻ പന്ത്രണ്ട് ദിവസത്തിൽ, ശൂദ്രൻ ഒരു മാസത്തിൽ ശുദ്ധിയാകും. ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ പത്ത് ദിവസത്തിൽ കർമ്മയോഗ്യനാകും; ക്ഷത്രിയൻ പന്ത്രണ്ടാം ദിവസത്തിൽ നിന്ന് യോഗ്യനാകും.

Word by Word
क्षत्त्रःa Kshatriya
क्षत्त्रः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दशाहात्after ten days
दशाहात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootदश + अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (अहन्-शब्द), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (दश अहानि)
वैश्याःVaishyas
वैश्याः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle: emphasis/contrast)
द्वादशाहात्after twelve days
द्वादशाहात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वादश + अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (अहन्-शब्द), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (द्वादश अहानि)
मासिin a month
मासि:
Adhikarana (Time locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
शूद्रकःa Shudra
शूद्रकः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
यातिgoes/attains (purity)
याति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
विप्रःa Brahmin
विप्रः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दशाहात्after ten days
दशाहात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootदश + अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (अहन्-शब्द), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle: emphasis/contrast)
क्षत्त्रःa Kshatriya
क्षत्त्रः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
द्वादशकात्after a period of twelve
द्वादशकात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वादशक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘द्वादशक’ = group/period of twelve
दिनात्from/after (a) day
दिनात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootदिन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in dialogue with Garuḍa)

Shraddha Ritual

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Aśauca period after death; durations given (10 days, 12 days, one month) as stated.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Aśauca (impurity) durations differ by varṇa; after the stated days one becomes fit to resume rites—ritual eligibility is regulated, not arbitrary.

Vedantic Theme: Discipline (niyama) as support for sattva and steadiness; acceptance of impermanence (anityatā) through structured mourning.

Application: Follow community-appropriate mourning observances; mark a clear endpoint for resuming duties; balance grief with dharmic routine.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: community/household observing aśauca

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.107 (aśauca durations; resumption of rites)

FAQs

This verse specifies varṇa-wise time limits for aśauca, indicating when a person becomes ritually eligible again to perform regular religious duties and related rites.

It gives the time-based framework used alongside funeral and post-funeral observances, clarifying when normal worship and ritual participation may be resumed according to traditional dharma guidelines.

Follow your family’s and local tradition’s bereavement observances with clarity and restraint, and consult a qualified priest/smārta authority when applying these timelines in contemporary circumstances.

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