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Shloka 11

Āśauca and Udaka-kriyā: Post-Cremation Conduct, Eligibility, and Purifiers

Devanagari script

क्रीतलब्धाशना भूमौ स्वपेयुस्ते पृथक्पृथक् / पिण्डयज्ञकृता देयं प्रेतायान्नं दिनत्रयम्

Transliteration

krītalabdhāśanā bhūmau svapeyuste pṛthakpṛthak / piṇḍayajñakṛtā deyaṃ pretāyānnaṃ dinatrayam

Translation

അവർ ആഹാരം വാങ്ങി മാത്രമേ നേടുകയുള്ളൂ; നിലത്താണ് ഓരോരുത്തരും വേറേവേറെ കിടന്ന് ഉറങ്ങേണ്ടത്. അതിനാൽ പിണ്ഡയജ്ഞവിധിപ്രകാരം പ്രേതത്തിന് മൂന്നു ദിവസം അന്നം നൽകണം.

Word by Word
क्रीतलब्धाशनाःhaving food obtained by purchase or by gain
क्रीतलब्धाशनाः:
Visheshana (Qualifier of ते)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrīta-labdha-aśana (प्रातिपदिक; क्रीत + लब्ध + अशन्/अशन)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (क्रीतं वा लब्धं वा अशनं येषाम्)
भूमौon the ground
भूमौ:
Adhikarana (Location)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन
स्वपेयुःthey should sleep
स्वपेयुः:
Kriya (Main action)
TypeVerb
Root√svap (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
पृथक्पृथक्separately
पृथक्पृथक्:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛthak (अव्यय)
Formपुनरुक्त-अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: separately, each apart)
पिण्डयज्ञकृताby the performer of the piṇḍa-offering rite
पिण्डयज्ञकृता:
Karana (Agent-instrument: by the performer of piṇḍa-yajña)
TypeNoun
Rootpiṇḍa-yajña-kṛt (प्रातिपदिक; पिण्ड + यज्ञ + कृत्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (पिण्डयज्ञं करोति इति)
देयम्should be given
देयम्:
Kriya (Obligation/predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√dā (धातु)
Formकृत्य-प्रत्यय (gerundive: -य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधेयार्थः (to be given)
प्रेतायto the preta (departed spirit)
प्रेताय:
Sampradana (Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootpreta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative), एकवचन
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma (Object of giving)
TypeNoun
Rootanna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन
दिनत्रयम्for three days
दिनत्रयम्:
Kala-adhikarana (Duration/extent)
TypeNoun
Rootdina-traya (प्रातिपदिक; दिन + त्रय)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (त्रयाणि दिनानि)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: First three days after death (दिनत्रयम्)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Preta-support through piṇḍa-yajña and regulated living: offerings and austerity shape the departed’s transitional welfare and the living’s purification.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-kāṇḍa as compassionate duty: ritual action (yajña/dāna) ordered by dharma stabilizes grief and channels obligation.

Application: During the initial days after death, maintain disciplined conduct (simple purchased food, sleeping on ground, separation) and provide food offerings to the preta for three days as part of piṇḍa rites.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: household ritual enclosure

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: preta’s dependence on offerings in early days (thematic); Garuda Purana 1.106 (śrāddha/āśauca regimen)

Characters & Entities
P
Preta

FAQs

This verse states that, as part of the piṇḍa-offering rite, food is to be offered for three days to support the preta’s immediate post-death condition and ritual transition.

It points to an intermediate “preta” phase where the departed is treated as needing ritual support; the three-day offering is described as a prescribed aid during this early stage.

If following this tradition, ensure timely post-death rites and prescribed food offerings (piṇḍa-dāna/related observances) are performed with care and continuity for the first three days.

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