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Shloka 42

Prāyaścitta: Catalogue of Sins, Narakas, and Graded Expiations

Kṛcchra–Cāndrāyaṇa–Japa

Devanagari script

अनियुक्तो भ्रातृभार्यां गच्छंश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् / त्रिरात्रान्ते घृतं प्राश्य गत्वोदक्यां शुचिर्भवेत्

Transliteration

aniyukto bhrātṛbhāryāṃ gacchaṃścāndrāyaṇaṃ caret / trirātrānte ghṛtaṃ prāśya gatvodakyāṃ śucirbhavet

Translation

അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ സഹോദരന്റെ ഭാര്യയോടു ഗമിച്ചവൻ ചാന്ദ്രായണ പ്രായശ്ചിത്തം അനുഷ്ഠിക്കണം. മൂന്നു രാത്രികളുടെ അവസാനം നെയ്യ് പാനം ചെയ്ത് ജലസ്നാനം ചെയ്താൽ ശുദ്ധി ലഭിക്കും.

Word by Word
aniyuktaḥone who is not authorized/appointed
aniyuktaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roota-niyukta (कृदन्त; √yuj युज् + नि उपसर्ग, क्त; नञ्-पूर्वक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle) नञ्-निषेधपूर्वक; अर्थः ‘अनादेशित/अननुज्ञात’
bhrātṛ-bhāryāmbrother’s wife
bhrātṛ-bhāryām:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘भ्रातुः भार्या’
gacchangoing
gacchan:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (गम्) (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘गच्छन्’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)
āndrāyaṇamthe Cāndrāyaṇa penance
āndrāyaṇam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootāndrāyaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्मपद
caretshould perform/practice
caret:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√car (चर्) (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
trirātra-anteat the end of three nights
trirātra-ante:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + rātra (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः ‘त्रीणां रात्राणाम् अन्ते’ (locative of time)
ghṛtamghee
ghṛtam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootghṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
prāśyahaving eaten/consumed
prāśya:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Root√prāś (प्राश्) (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive); अर्थः ‘प्राश्य’ = भुक्त्वा/आस्वाद्य
gatvāhaving gone
gatvā:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (गम्) (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); अर्थः ‘गत्वा’
udakyāma menstruating woman
udakyām:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootudakyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; ‘उदक्य’ = रजस्वला/मासिकधर्मयुक्ता स्त्री
śuciḥpure
śuciḥ:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśuci (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
bhavetshould become
bhavet:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू) (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Prāyaścitta (expiation) restores ritual and ethical purity after prohibited sexual conduct.

Vedantic Theme: Mala-śuddhi (removal of impurity) as a prerequisite for sattva and higher pursuit; karma’s stain can be attenuated by tapas and śuddhi.

Application: Avoid prohibited relations; if violated, undertake prescribed penance (Cāndrāyaṇa), observe restraint, complete the rite, and perform purificatory bath.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.105 (Prāyaścitta/ācāra section; adjacent verses on expiations)

FAQs

This verse shows prāyaścitta as a corrective dharmic remedy: specific misconduct is met with a defined vow (Cāndrāyaṇa) and a purification sequence to restore ritual and moral purity.

Indirectly, it links actions to consequences and remediation: wrongful conduct requires expiation, implying that unaddressed sins burden the jīva and affect post-death outcomes described elsewhere in the Garuda Purana.

It reinforces sexual ethics and accountability: avoid prohibited relationships, and when wrongdoing occurs, seek sincere correction through confession, restraint, and appropriate religious/ethical remediation under competent guidance.

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