Shloka 39
Devanagari script
बृहस्पतिरुवाच संयोगजं तु यत्पापं तच्चतुर्धा निगद्यते / कर्ता प्रधानः सहकृन्निमित्तो ऽनुमतः क्रमात्
Transliteration
bṛhaspatiruvāca saṃyogajaṃ tu yatpāpaṃ taccaturdhā nigadyate / kartā pradhānaḥ sahakṛnnimitto 'numataḥ kramāt
Translation
ബൃഹസ്പതി പറഞ്ഞു— സംയോഗജന്യ പാപം നാലുവിധമായി പറയുന്നു: കർത്താവ് (പ്രധാന കർത്താവ്), സഹകൃത്ത് (സഹഭാഗി), നിമിത്തം (കാരണമാകുന്നവൻ), അനുമതഃ (അനുമോദിക്കുന്നവൻ)—ക്രമമായി.
Word by Word
bṛhaspatiḥBṛhaspati
bṛhaspatiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbṛhaspati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada
saṃyoga-jamarising from association
saṃyoga-jam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃyoga (प्रातिपदिक) + ja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: saṃyogāt jātaṃ (arisen from association) qualifying pāpam
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha/Avyaya (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle
yatwhich
yat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; relative pronoun agreeing with pāpam
pāpamsin
pāpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; here object of nigadyate (topic stated)
tatthat
tat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; correlative)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; correlative to yat
caturdhāfourfold
caturdhā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcaturdhā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (kriyāviśeṣaṇa) meaning ‘in four ways’
nigadyateis declared
nigadyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-gad (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada; passive sense ‘is stated/declared’
kartāthe doer
kartā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
pradhānaḥprincipal
pradhānaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpradhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective qualifying kartā
saha-kṛtthe accomplice
saha-kṛt:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaha (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + kṛt (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: saha karoti iti (co-doer/accomplice)
nimittaḥthe instigator/cause
nimittaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnimitta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
anumataḥthe consenter
anumataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootanumata (कृदन्त; anu-man धातु, past participle)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; ‘one who has consented/approver’
kramātin sequence
kramāt:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkrama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative used adverbially (pañcamī-arthī avyayībhāva-like usage): Puṃliṅga, Pañcamī, Ekavacana; meaning ‘in order/successively’