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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 1

Kāla-cakra and the Motions of the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Grahas

Bhāgavata Jyotiṣa Framework

राजोवाच यदेतद्भ‍गवत आदित्यस्य मेरुं ध्रुवं च प्रदक्षिणेन परिक्रामतो राशीनामभिमुखं प्रचलितं चाप्रदक्षिणं भगवतोपवर्णितममुष्य वयं कथमनुमिमीमहीति ॥ १ ॥

rājovāca yad etad bhagavata ādityasya meruṁ dhruvaṁ ca pradakṣiṇena parikrāmato rāśīnām abhimukhaṁ pracalitaṁ cāpradakṣiṇaṁ bhagavatopavarṇitam amuṣya vayaṁ katham anumimīmahīti.

രാജാവ് പറഞ്ഞു—ഭഗവൻ, ആദിത്യൻ ധ്രുവലോകത്തെ പ്രദക്ഷിണം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ മേരു മലയും ധ്രുവലോകവും വലതുവശത്ത് വെച്ചാണ് സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നതെന്ന് നിങ്ങൾ മുമ്പേ ഉറപ്പിച്ചു പറഞ്ഞു. എങ്കിലും അദ്ദേഹം രാശികളിലേക്കു മുഖം തിരിച്ച് മേരു-ധ്രുവങ്ങളെ ഇടതുവശത്ത് വെച്ചിരിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ തോന്നുന്നു. ഒരേസമയം വലതും ഇടതും എങ്ങനെ യുക്ത്യാ സ്വീകരിക്കാം?

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta (कर्ता/speaker)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
यत्which
यत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/correlative)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); निर्देशक (demonstrative)
भगवतःof the Lord
भगवतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)
आदित्यस्यof the Sun (Āditya)
आदित्यस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootāditya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)
मेरुम्Mount Meru
मेरुम्:
Karma (कर्म/object of parikrāmataḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootmeru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
ध्रुवम्Dhruva (Pole Star)
ध्रुवम्:
Karma (कर्म/object of parikrāmataḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootdhruva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction)
प्रदक्षिणेनclockwise
प्रदक्षिणेन:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpradakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययभावे तृतीया (instrumental used adverbially): ‘clockwise/rightward’
परिक्रामतःof (him) circling around
परिक्रामतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/participial qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari-kram (धातु) → parikrāmat (कृदन्त, शतृ-प्रत्यय present active participle)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular); शतृ (PAP) used as genitive absolute/possessive: ‘of (the Sun) who is circling’
राशीनाम्of the zodiacal signs
राशीनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootrāśi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
अभिमुखम्towards/facing
अभिमुखम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhimukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial accusative) qualifying ‘प्रचलितम्’
प्रचलितम्moving, proceeding
प्रचलितम्:
Karma (कर्म/predicate content)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-cal (धातु) → pracalita (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय PPP)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); क्त (PPP)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction)
अप्रदक्षिणम्counterclockwise/not rightward
अप्रदक्षिणम्:
Karma (कर्म/predicate content)
TypeAdjective
Rootapradakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); नञ्-समास/उपसर्ग: ‘not clockwise’
भगवताby the Lord (Śuka/authority)
भगवता:
Karana (करण/agent-instrument in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
उपवर्णितम्described
उपवर्णितम्:
Karma (कर्म/predicate content)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa-varṇ (धातु) → upavarṇita (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय PPP)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); क्त (PPP)
अमुष्यof that (matter/phenomenon)
अमुष्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootadas (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular); ‘of that (one)’
वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
कथम्how
कथम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (interrogative adverb)
अनुमिमीमहिcan we infer/understand
अनुमिमीमहि:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-mā (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), बहुवचन (Plural)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation end)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (quotative particle)
K
King Parīkṣit
S
Sūta (Sun-god/Āditya)
D
Dhruva
M
Mount Meru

FAQs

In this verse, King Parīkṣit highlights the Bhagavatam’s description that the Sun circumambulates Meru and Dhruvaloka clockwise, yet appears to have a counterclockwise motion relative to the zodiacal signs—prompting a request for clarification.

Because the cosmological description seems paradoxical: the Sun is said to circle Meru and Dhruva clockwise, but its observed relation to the rāśis (zodiacal signs) appears opposite; Parīkṣit asks the sage to reconcile these viewpoints.

It encourages intellectual humility: complex truths may look contradictory from different reference points, so one should inquire carefully, seek proper explanation, and avoid hasty conclusions.