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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 16

Devotion in Kimpuruṣa-varṣa and the Glory of Bhārata-varṣa

Rāmacandra & Nara-Nārāyaṇa; Rivers, Varṇāśrama, and Liberation

भारतेऽप्यस्मिन्वर्षे सरिच्छैला: सन्ति बहवो मलयो मङ्गलप्रस्थो मैनाकस्त्रिकूट ऋषभ: कूटक: कोल्लक: सह्यो देवगिरिऋर्ष्यमूक: श्रीशैलो वेङ्कटो महेन्द्रो वारिधारो विन्ध्य: शुक्तिमानृक्षगिरि: पारियात्रो द्रोणश्चित्रकूटो गोवर्धनो रैवतक: ककुभो नीलो गोकामुख इन्द्रकील: कामगिरिरिति चान्ये च शतसहस्रश: शैलास्तेषां नितम्बप्रभवा नदा नद्यश्च सन्त्यसङ्ख्याता: ॥ १६ ॥

bhārate ’py asmin varṣe saric-chailāḥ santi bahavo malayo maṅgala-prastho mainākas trikūṭa ṛṣabhaḥ kūṭakaḥ kollakaḥ sahyo devagirir ṛṣyamūkaḥ śrī-śailo veṅkaṭo mahendro vāridhāro vindhyaḥ śuktimān ṛkṣagiriḥ pāriyātro droṇaś citrakūṭo govardhano raivatakaḥ kakubho nīlo gokāmukha indrakīlaḥ kāmagirir iti cānye ca śata-sahasraśaḥ śailās teṣāṁ nitamba-prabhavā nadā nadyaś ca santy asaṅkhyātāḥ.

ഭാരതവർഷത്തിൽ അനേകം പർവ്വതങ്ങളും നദികളുമുണ്ട്. മലയം, മംഗളപ്രസ്ഥം, മൈനാകം, ത്രികൂടം, ഋഷഭം, കൂടകം, കൊല്ലകം, സഹ്യം, ദേവഗിരി, ഋഷ്യമൂകം, ശ്രീശൈലം, വേങ്കടം, മഹേന്ദ്രം, വാരിധാരം, വിന്ധ്യം, ശുക്തിമാൻ, ഋക്ഷഗിരി, പാരിയാത്രം, ദ്രോണം, ചിത്രകൂടം, ഗോവർദ്ധനം, രൈവതകം, കകുഭം, നീലം, ഗോകാമുഖം, ഇന്ദ്രകീലം, കാമഗിരി തുടങ്ങിയ പർവ്വതങ്ങളും അവയിൽ നിന്ന് ഉത്ഭവിക്കുന്ന അസംഖ്യം നദികളുമുണ്ട്.

bhāratein Bhārata (India)
bhārate:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootbhārata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsakalिङ्ग (neut.)/Puṁliṅga (as toponym), Saptamī (Loc.7), Ekavacana
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya/avadhāraṇa ‘also’
asminin this
asmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (इदम् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁ/Napuṁ, Saptamī (Loc.7), Ekavacana
varṣeregion/continent (varṣa)
varṣe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsakalिङ्ग, Saptamī, Ekavacana
sarit-śailāḥrivers and mountains
sarit-śailāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsarit (प्रातिपदिक) + śaila (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; itaretara-dvandva ‘rivers and mountains’
santiare/exist
santi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana
bahavaḥmany
bahavaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; agrees with sarit-śailāḥ
malayaḥMalaya (mountain)
malayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmalaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
maṅgala-prasthaḥMaṅgala-prastha
maṅgala-prasthaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmaṅgala (प्रातिपदिक) + prastha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
mainākaḥMaināka
mainākaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmaināka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
trikūṭaḥTrikūṭa
trikūṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottrikūṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
ṛṣabhaḥṚṣabha
ṛṣabhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kūṭakaḥKūṭaka
kūṭakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkūṭaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kollakaḥKollaka
kollakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkollaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
sahyaḥSahya
sahyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsahya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
devagiriḥDevagiri
devagiriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक) + giri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
ṛṣyamūkaḥṚṣyamūka
ṛṣyamūkaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣya (प्रातिपदिक) + mūka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
śrī-śailaḥŚrīśaila
śrī-śailaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + śaila (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
veṅkaṭaḥVeṅkaṭa
veṅkaṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootveṅkaṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
mahendraḥMahendra
mahendraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahendra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
vāridhāraḥVāridhāra
vāridhāraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvāri (प्रातिपदिक) + dhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
vindhyaḥVindhya
vindhyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvindhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
śuktimānŚuktimān
śuktimān:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśuktimat (शुक्तिमत् प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
ṛkṣagiriḥṚkṣagiri
ṛkṣagiriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛkṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + giri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
pāriyātraḥPāriyātra
pāriyātraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpāriyātra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
droṇaḥDroṇa
droṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootdroṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
citrakūṭaḥCitrakūṭa
citrakūṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootcitra (प्रातिपदिक) + kūṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
govardhanaḥGovardhana
govardhanaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक) + vardhana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
raivatakaḥRaivataka
raivatakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootraivataka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kakubhaḥKakubha
kakubhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkakubha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
nīlaḥNīla
nīlaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnīla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
gokāmukhaḥGokāmukha
gokāmukhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक) + kāmukha/mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name (reading: go-kāmukha/go-mukha)
indrakīlaḥIndrakīla
indrakīlaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक) + kīla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
kāmagiriḥKāmagiri
kāmagiriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkāma (प्रातिपदिक) + giri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; mountain name
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; list-closure/quotative
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
anyeothers
anye:
Karta (कर्ता/subject, appositional)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
śata-sahasraśaḥby hundreds of thousands
śata-sahasraśaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśata (प्रातिपदिक) + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक) + śas (शस् तद्धित)
FormAvyaya; numeral-based (dvigu) + taddhita śas ‘in hundreds and thousands / by hundreds of thousands’
śailāḥmountains
śailāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśaila (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī (Gen.6), Bahuvacana
nitamba-prabhavāḥoriginating from their slopes
nitamba-prabhavāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootnitamba (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; qualifies nadāḥ/nadyaḥ; ‘arising from the slopes/hips (flanks)’
nadāḥrivers (male-named)
nadāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
nadyaḥrivers (female-named)
nadyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
santiare
santi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana
asaṅkhyātāḥcountless
asaṅkhyātāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjective)
TypeAdjective
Roota-saṅkhyāta (प्रातिपदिक; from √khyā with prefix sam + negation a-)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; agrees with nadāḥ/nadyaḥ

FAQs

This verse lists many prominent mountains and ranges in Bhārata-varṣa and states that countless rivers and streams arise from their slopes, presenting Bhārata as a land shaped and sanctified by sacred natural features.

Govardhana is included among the notable mountains of Bhārata-varṣa, highlighting it as part of the sacred landscape celebrated in the Bhāgavatam—later especially revered through Kṛṣṇa’s Govardhana-līlā.

It encourages seeing the world through a sacred lens—honoring rivers, mountains, and tīrthas as gifts of the Lord, cultivating gratitude, ecological responsibility, and a pilgrim-minded remembrance of Bhagavān.