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Shloka 1

Viṣṇupadī Gaṅgā: Descent, Cosmic Pathways, and Śiva’s Praise of Saṅkarṣaṇa

श्रीशुक उवाच तत्र भगवत: साक्षाद्यज्ञलिङ्गस्य विष्णोर्विक्रमतो वामपादाङ्गुष्ठनखनिर्भिन्नोर्ध्वाण्डकटाहविवरेणान्त:प्रविष्टा या बाह्यजलधारा तच्चरणपङ्कजावनेजनारुणकिञ्जल्कोपरञ्जिताखिलजगदघमलापहोपस्पर्शनामला साक्षाद्भ‍गवत्पदीत्यनुपलक्षितवचोऽभिधीयमानातिमहता कालेन युगसहस्रोपलक्षणेन दिवो मूर्धन्यवततार यत्तद्विष्णुपदमाहु: ॥ १ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca tatra bhagavataḥ sākṣād yajña-liṅgasya viṣṇor vikramato vāma-pādāṅguṣṭha-nakha-nirbhinnordhvāṇḍa-kaṭāha-vivareṇāntaḥ-praviṣṭā yā bāhya-jala-dhārā tac-caraṇa-paṅkajāvanejanāruṇa-kiñjalkoparañjitākhila-jagad-agha-malāpahopasparśanāmalā sākṣād bhagavat-padīty anupalakṣita-vaco ’bhidhīyamānāti-mahatā kālena yuga-sahasropalakṣaṇena divo mūrdhany avatatāra yat tad viṣṇu-padam āhuḥ.

ശ്രീശുകദേവ ഗോസ്വാമി പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ രാജാവേ! ബലി മഹാരാജന്റെ യജ്ഞവേദിയിൽ യജ്ഞസ്വരൂപനായ ഭഗവാൻ വിഷ്ണു വാമനദേവനായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ടു. അവൻ ഇടത് പാദം വ്യാപിപ്പിച്ചപ്പോൾ, വലിയ വിരലിലെ നഖം ബ്രഹ്മാണ്ഡത്തിന്റെ ആവരണം തുളച്ച് ഒരു വിടവ് ഉണ്ടാക്കി; ആ വിടവിലൂടെ കാരണസമുദ്രത്തിലെ ശുദ്ധ ജലധാര ഈ വിശ്വത്തിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ച് ഗംഗയായി ഒഴുകി. ഭഗവാന്റെ പാദപദ്മങ്ങൾ കഴുകപ്പെട്ടതിനാൽ, അവയിലെ ചുവന്ന പൊടിയുടെ സ്പർശം ഗംഗാജലത്തിന് മനോഹരമായ പിങ്ക് നിറം നൽകി. ആ ദിവ്യജലം സ്പർശിച്ചാൽ ജീവികൾ ഉടൻ പാപമലത്തിൽ നിന്ന് ശുദ്ധരാകുന്നു; എങ്കിലും ഗംഗ സദാ നിർമലയാണ്. അതുകൊണ്ട് അവൾ ‘വിഷ്ണുപദീ’ എന്ന പേരിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. പിന്നീടു സഹസ്ര യುಗങ്ങളുടെ ദീർഘകാലത്തിനു ശേഷം ഗംഗ ധ്രുവലോകത്തിൽ അവതരിച്ചു; അതിനാൽ പണ്ഡിതർ ധ്രുവലോകത്തെ ‘വിഷ്ണുപദം’ എന്നു പറയുന്നു।

śrī-śukaḥŚrī Śuka
śrī-śukaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī + śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; honorific karmadhāraya ‘venerable Śuka’
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), 3rd person, Singular
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormDeśa-avyaya (देशवाचक)
bhagavataḥof the Lord
bhagavataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th), Singular
sākṣātdirectly
sākṣāt:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsākṣāt (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb ‘directly/in person’
yajña-liṅgasyaof him whose emblem/form is sacrifice
yajña-liṅgasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootyajña + liṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th), Singular; ‘whose form is sacrifice’
viṣṇoḥof Viṣṇu
viṣṇoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th), Singular
vikramataḥof (Viṣṇu) who was striding
vikramataḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi + kram (क्रम् धातु, शतृ-प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th), Singular; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त present participle ‘striding’; qualifies viṣṇoḥ
vāma-pāda-aṅguṣṭha-nakha-nirbhinna-ūrdhva-aṇḍa-kaṭāha-vivareṇathrough the opening in the upper cosmic shell pierced by the nail of the left big toe
vāma-pāda-aṅguṣṭha-nakha-nirbhinna-ūrdhva-aṇḍa-kaṭāha-vivareṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvāma + pāda + aṅguṣṭha + nakha + nirbhinna (भिद् धातु, क्त) + ūrdhva + aṇḍa + kaṭāha + vivara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः; ‘through the opening of the upper cosmic shell (like a cauldron) pierced by the nail of the left big toe’
antaḥ-praviṣṭāhaving entered inside
antaḥ-praviṣṭā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootantaḥ (अव्यय) + praviṣṭa (viś् धातु, क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; avyayībhāva ‘entered within’; qualifies bāhya-jala-dhārā
which
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; relative pronoun referring to bāhya-jala-dhārā
bāhya-jala-dhārāthe outer stream of water
bāhya-jala-dhārā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbāhya + jala + dhārā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; ‘external water-stream’
tat-caraṇa-paṅkaja-avanejana-aruṇa-kiñjalka-uparañjita-akhila-jagat-agha-malāpaha-upasparśana-amalāspotless, whose touch removes the world’s sin-impurity, tinged with reddish pollen from washing His lotus-feet
tat-caraṇa-paṅkaja-avanejana-aruṇa-kiñjalka-uparañjita-akhila-jagat-agha-malāpaha-upasparśana-amalā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottat (सर्वनाम) + caraṇa + paṅkaja + avanejana + aruṇa + kiñjalka + uparañjita (rañj् धातु, क्त) + akhila + jagat + agha + mala + apaha (अपह प्रातिपदिक) + upasparśana + amala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; बहुव्रीहिः qualifying bāhya-jala-dhārā: ‘(that stream) whose contact is spotless and which removes the impurity of sin of the whole world, being tinged by the reddish pollen from the washing of His lotus-feet’
sākṣātdirectly
sākṣāt:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsākṣāt (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphasis ‘directly’
bhagavat-padī(the river) Bhagavatpadī (Gaṅgā)
bhagavat-padī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat + padī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; ‘(river) connected with the Lord’s feet’ (name/epithet)
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थ-द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-वाचक)
anupalakṣita-vacaḥa designation not commonly noticed
anupalakṣita-vacaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootanupalakṣita (lakṣ् धातु, क्त; with negation) + vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular; कर्मधारयः; ‘name/word not commonly recognized’ (as an epithet)
abhidhīyamānabeing called
abhidhīyamāna:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhi + dhā (धा धातु, यक्-प्रत्यय; शानच्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular; present passive participle (शानच्) ‘being called’; qualifies vacaḥ
ati-mahatāby a very great
ati-mahatā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati + mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; qualifies kālena
kālenatime
kālena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular
yuga-sahasra-upalakṣaṇenaby the measure of a thousand yugas
yuga-sahasra-upalakṣaṇena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga + sahasra + upalakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular; ‘with the measure/indication of a thousand yugas’
divaḥfrom heaven
divaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootdiv (द्यौ/दिव् प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; ‘from heaven’
mūrdhanion the summit
mūrdhani:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmūrdhan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th), Singular; with implied ‘bhūmeḥ’ etc. as locus ‘on the head/top’
avatatāradescended
avatatāra:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava + tṝ (तॄ धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), 3rd person, Singular
yatwhich
yat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; correlates with tad
tatthat
tat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; correlative to yat
viṣṇu-padamViṣṇu’s abode/step
viṣṇu-padam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu + pada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘Viṣṇu’s step/abode’
āhuḥthey call
āhuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (अह्/ब्रू धात्वर्थे ‘to say’)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), 3rd person, Plural

In this verse, Śukadeva Gosvāmī describes the glories of the Ganges River. The water of the Ganges is called patita-pāvanī, the deliverer of all sinful living beings. It is a proven fact that a person who regularly bathes in the Ganges is purified both externally and internally. Externally his body becomes immune to all kinds of disease, and internally he gradually develops a devotional attitude toward the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Throughout India, many thousands of people live on the banks of the Ganges, and by regularly bathing in her waters, they are undoubtedly being purified both spiritually and materially. Many sages, including Śaṅkarācārya, have composed prayers in praise of the Ganges, and the land of India itself has become glorious because such rivers as the Ganges, Yamunā, Godāvarī, Kāverī, Kṛṣṇā and Narmadā flow there. Anyone living on the land adjacent to these rivers is naturally advanced in spiritual consciousness. Śrīla Madhvācārya says:

V
Viṣṇu

FAQs

This verse explains that the Ganga is the sacred water that entered the universe through an opening in the cosmic shell, made when Lord Viṣṇu’s toenail pierced it during His cosmic stride, and it became supremely purifying by washing His lotus feet.

Viṣṇu-pada is described here as the heavenly point where that foot-born sacred current descends—connected directly to the Lord’s lotus feet—making it a spiritually significant locus of purity and divine contact.

The verse highlights purification through contact with what is connected to Bhagavān—encouraging devotees today to seek inner cleansing through devotion, remembrance of Viṣṇu, and association with sacred practices and teachings.