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Shloka 6

Rahūgaṇa Meets Jaḍa Bharata: The Shaking Palanquin and the Teaching Beyond Body-Identity

अहो कष्टं भ्रातर्व्यक्तमुरुपरिश्रान्तो दीर्घमध्वानमेक एव ऊहिवान् सुचिरं नातिपीवा न संहननाङ्गो जरसा चोपद्रुतो भवान् सखे नो एवापर एते सङ्घट्टिन इति बहुविप्रलब्धोऽप्यविद्यया रचितद्रव्यगुणकर्माशयस्वचरमकलेवरेऽवस्तुनि संस्थानविशेषेऽहं ममेत्यनध्यारोपितमिथ्याप्रत्ययो ब्रह्मभूतस्तूष्णीं शिबिकां पूर्ववदुवाह ॥ ६ ॥

aho kaṣṭaṁ bhrātar vyaktam uru-pariśrānto dīrgham adhvānam eka eva ūhivān suciraṁ nāti-pīvā na saṁhananāṅgo jarasā copadruto bhavān sakhe no evāpara ete saṅghaṭṭina iti bahu-vipralabdho ’py avidyayā racita-dravya-guṇa-karmāśaya-sva-carama-kalevare ’vastuni saṁsthāna-viśeṣe ’haṁ mamety anadhyāropita-mithyā-pratyayo brahma-bhūtas tūṣṇīṁ śibikāṁ pūrvavad uvāha.

രാജാവ് രഹൂഗണൻ ജഡഭരതനോട് പറഞ്ഞു—“അയ്യോ സഹോദരാ, എത്ര കഷ്ടം! നീ വ്യക്തമായി വളരെ ക്ഷീണിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു; ഇത്ര ദീർഘമായ വഴിയിൽ നീ ഏറെ നേരം ഒറ്റയ്ക്കു തന്നെ പാലക്കി വഹിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. നീ അത്ര പുഷ്ടനുമല്ല, ശരീരവും ദൃഢമല്ല; കൂടാതെ വാർദ്ധക്യവും നിന്നെ പീഡിപ്പിക്കുന്നു, സുഹൃത്തേ. നിന്റെ ഈ സഹവഹകർ നിന്നെ സഹായിക്കുന്നില്ലേ?”—ഇങ്ങനെ പലവിധം തെറ്റിദ്ധരിച്ചും പറഞ്ഞിട്ടും, ജഡഭരതൻ ‘ഞാൻ-എന്റെ’ എന്ന മിഥ്യാഭാവം ഏറ്പ്പെടുത്താതെ, ദേഹത്തെ ദ്രവ്യ-ഗുണ-കർമ്മങ്ങളാൽ നിർമ്മിതമായ അവസാന ആവരണം എന്നു അറിഞ്ഞ്, ബ്രഹ്മഭാവത്തിൽ നിലകൊണ്ട്, മൗനമായി മുൻപുപോലെ പാലക്കി വഹിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരുന്നു.

ahoalas/oh
aho:
Sambandha (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaho (अव्यय)
Formविस्मयार्थक-निपात (exclamation)
kaṣṭamhow terrible
kaṣṭam:
Sambandha (उद्गार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkaṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formभाववाचक नपुंसक प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनवत् (exclamatory): 'hard/terrible'
bhrātarO brother
bhrātar:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
vyaktamclearly
vyaktam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvyakta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्ताधारित)
Formक्रियाविशेषणवत् नपुंसक-द्वितीया एकवचन (adverb): 'clearly'
uru-pariśrāntaḥgreatly fatigued
uru-pariśrāntaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooturu + pariśrānta (pari-śram धातु + kta)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'greatly exhausted'
dīrghamlong
dīrgham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdīrgha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन; here qualifying adhvānam
adhvānamjourney/road
adhvānam:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootadhvan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
ekaḥalone
ekaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात
ūhivānhaving carried
ūhivān:
Karta (कर्ता as participle subject)
TypeVerb
Rootūh (ऊह् धातु)
Formक्तवतु-प्रत्ययान्त (perfect active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'having carried/borne'
suciramfor a long time
suciram:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsucira (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषणवत् नपुंसक-द्वितीया एकवचन (for a long time)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
ati-pīvāvery stout
ati-pīvā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati + pīvan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'overly stout'
nanor
na:
Sambandha (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
saṁhanana-aṅgaḥcompact-limbed
saṁhanana-aṅgaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṁhanana + aṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'having compact limbs' (negated here)
jarasāby old age
jarasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootjaras (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
upadrutaḥafflicted
upadrutaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa-drū (द्रु/द्रव् धातु) + kta
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'afflicted'
bhavānyou (sir)
bhavān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; आदरार्थक सर्वनाम
sakheO friend
sakhe:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootsakhi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
naḥfor us
naḥ:
Sambandha (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (genitive) बहुवचन/द्वितीया (accusative) बहुवचन; here genitive: 'of us/for us'
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात
aparaḥanother
aparaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootapara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
etethese (men)
ete:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
saṅghaṭṭinaḥjostlers
saṅghaṭṭinaḥ:
Apposition (समानााधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṅghaṭṭin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'jostlers/pressers'
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (उक्ति-चिह्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-अव्यय
bahu-vipralabdhaḥmuch deceived
bahu-vipralabdhaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu + vipralabdha (vi-pra-labh धातु + kta)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'much deceived'
apithough
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअपि-निपात (though)
avidyayāby ignorance
avidyayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootavidyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
racita-dravya-guṇa-karma-āśaya-sva-carama-kalevarein the (so-called) body made of matter, qualities, actions, impressions—one’s own last body
racita-dravya-guṇa-karma-āśaya-sva-carama-kalevare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootracita (rac धातु + kta) + dravya + guṇa + karma + āśaya + sva + carama + kalevara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: 'in the body (kalevara) which is one’s own last, constituted of substance, qualities, actions, and latent impressions'
avastuniin the unreal
avastuni:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roota-vastu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; 'in the non-real (thing)'
saṁsthāna-viśeṣein a particular bodily form
saṁsthāna-viśeṣe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṁsthāna + viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; 'in a particular configuration/form'
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
mamamy/mine
mama:
Sambandha (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी, एकवचन
itias
iti:
Sambandha (उक्ति-चिह्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-अव्यय (as 'I' and 'mine')
anadhyāropita-mithyā-pratyayaḥone whose false identification was not removed
anadhyāropita-mithyā-pratyayaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootan-adhyāropita (adhi-ā-rup धातु + kta, negated) + mithyā + pratyaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'false notion not superimposed (i.e., removed)'
brahma-bhūtaḥBrahman-realized
brahma-bhūtaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbrahman + bhūta (bhū धातु + kta)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'become Brahman/realized Brahman'
tūṣṇīmsilently
tūṣṇīm:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottūṣṇīm (अव्यय)
Formमौनार्थक-अव्यय (silently)
śibikāmthe palanquin
śibikām:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootśibikā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
pūrvavatas before
pūrvavat:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrvavat (अव्यय)
Formतुल्यतार्थक-अव्यय (as before)
uvāhacarried
uvāha:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvah (वह् धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

In this way the King criticized Jaḍa Bharata with sarcastic words, yet despite being criticized in this way, Jaḍa Bharata had no bodily conception of the situation. He knew that he was not the body, for he had attained his spiritual identity. He was neither fat, lean nor thin, nor had he anything to do with a lump of matter, a combination of the five gross and three subtle elements. He had nothing to do with the material body and its two hands and legs. In other words, he had completely realized his spiritual identity [ahaṁ brahmāsmi]. He was therefore unaffected by this sarcastic criticism from the King. Without saying anything, he continued carrying the palanquin as before.

R
Rahūgaṇa
J
Jaḍa Bharata

FAQs

This verse states that due to ignorance one superimposes “I” and “mine” upon the material body—made of matter, qualities, and actions—though the body is not the true Self.

Rahūgaṇa believed Bharata was a weak, aged palanquin-bearer and complained that he alone was carrying the load, not realizing Bharata was a self-realized saint beyond bodily identification.

See the body and roles as temporary instruments, reduce ego-driven reactions (“I am insulted,” “this is mine”), and cultivate steady awareness of the Self through devotion and self-knowledge.