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Shloka 21

Rahūgaṇa Meets Jaḍa Bharata: The Shaking Palanquin and the Teaching Beyond Body-Identity

द‍ृष्ट: श्रम: कर्मत आत्मनो वै भर्तुर्गन्तुर्भवतश्चानुमन्ये । यथासतोदानयनाद्यभावात् समूल इष्टो व्यवहारमार्ग: ॥ २१ ॥

dṛṣṭaḥ śramaḥ karmata ātmano vai bhartur gantur bhavataś cānumanye yathāsatodānayanādy-abhāvāt samūla iṣṭo vyavahāra-mārgaḥ

നിങ്ങൾ “എനിക്ക് ക്ഷീണം ഇല്ല” എന്നു പറഞ്ഞു. ആത്മാവ് ശരീരത്തിൽ നിന്ന് വ്യത്യസ്തമായാലും ശരീരശ്രമം മൂലം ക്ഷീണം ഉണ്ടാകുന്നു; അത് ആത്മാവിന്റെ ക്ഷീണമെന്നപോലെ തോന്നുന്നു. പല്ലക്കി ചുമക്കുന്നതിൽ ശ്രമം തീർച്ച—ഇത് എന്റെ അനുമാനമാണ്. കൂടാതെ, യജമാനൻ-ദാസൻ തമ്മിലുള്ള ബാഹ്യവ്യവഹാരം തത്ത്വത്തിൽ സത്യമല്ലെന്ന് നിങ്ങൾ പറഞ്ഞു; എങ്കിലും അസത്യപ്രപഞ്ചത്തിലെ വ്യവഹാരമാർഗം മൂലത്തോടെ അനുഭവത്തിൽ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു, കാരണം അസത്യലോകത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഉൽപ്പന്നങ്ങളും സ്വാധീനം ചെലുത്തുന്നു. അതിനാൽ ഭൗതികകർമ്മങ്ങൾ അനിത്യമായാലും അവയെ പൂർണ്ണമായും അസത്യമെന്ന് പറയാനാവില്ല.

dṛṣṭaḥis seen
dṛṣṭaḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) ‘दृष्टः’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘seen/observed’
śramaḥfatigue
śramaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśrama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
karmataḥdue to action
karmataḥ:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Ablatival adverb): कर्मतः = कर्मात्/कर्मणः हेतोः (from/owing to action)
ātmanaḥof the self
ātmanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय
bhartuḥof the bearer/supporter (master)
bhartuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
gantuḥof the goer/traveler
gantuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootgantṛ (प्रातिपदिक; √gam धातु से)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
bhavataḥof you
bhavataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; आदरार्थक ‘your’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
anumanyeI infer/consider
anumanye:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-man (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; अर्थः—अनुमन्ये = अनुमोदये/मन्ये
yathājust as
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (as/just as)
asataḥof the unreal
asataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roota-sat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी/पञ्चमी, एकवचन; असतः = असतः (of/from the unreal/non-existent)
udānayana-ādi-abhāvātfrom the absence of lifting (and the like)
udānayana-ādi-abhāvāt:
Apadana (अपादान/Ablative-cause)
TypeNoun
Rootudānayana (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + abhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—उदानयनादीनाम् अभावात् (from the absence of lifting etc.)
samūlaḥwith its root/grounded
samūlaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa-mūla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (मार्गः इति)
iṣṭaḥis accepted
iṣṭaḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootiṣ (धातु)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) ‘इष्टः’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘accepted/approved’
vyavahāra-mārgaḥthe path of worldly dealings
vyavahāra-mārgaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvyavahāra (प्रातिपदिक) + mārga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—व्यवहारस्य मार्गः

This is a discussion on impersonal Māyāvāda philosophy and the practical philosophy of Vaiṣṇavas. The Māyāvāda philosophy explains this phenomenal world to be false, but Vaiṣṇava philosophers do not agree. They know that the phenomenal world is a temporary manifestation but it is not false. A dream that we see at night is certainly false, but a horrible dream certainly affects the person seeing it. The soul’s fatigue is not factual, but as long as one is immersed in the illusory bodily conception, one is affected by such false dreams. When dreaming, it is not possible to avoid the actual facts, and the conditioned soul is forced to suffer due to his dream. A waterpot is made of earth and is temporary. Actually there is no waterpot; there is simply earth. However, as long as the waterpot can contain water, we can use it in that way. It cannot be said to be absolutely false.

J
Jada Bharata
M
Maharaja Rahugana

FAQs

This verse teaches that fatigue and suffering are perceived due to karma acting through bodily identification; in ultimate truth the self is distinct, and such experiences belong to the realm of worldly convention (vyavahāra).

Rahugana accused the palanquin-bearer of causing discomfort; Jada Bharata replied that the ideas of bearer, carried, and traveler operate only on a practical level, while the self is beyond such designations.

Perform duties responsibly, but reduce ego-based identification—remembering the soul is distinct from the body helps one endure stress with steadiness and cultivate spiritual focus.