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Shloka 8

Yayāti’s Renunciation: The Allegory of the He-Goat and She-Goat

तं दुर्हृदं सुहृद्रूपं कामिनं क्षणसौहृदम् । इन्द्रियाराममुत्सृज्य स्वामिनं दु:खिता ययौ ॥ ८ ॥

taṁ durhṛdaṁ suhṛd-rūpaṁ kāminaṁ kṣaṇa-sauhṛdam indriyārāmam utsṛjya svāminaṁ duḥkhitā yayau

അവൻ മിത്രരൂപത്തിലുള്ള ശത്രുവാണെന്നും, കാമുകനും ക്ഷണികമായ സ്നേഹമുള്ളവനുമാണെന്ന് തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞ്, ദുഃഖിതയായ ആ പെണ്ണാട് ആ ഇന്ദ്രിയലോലുപനെ ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച് തന്റെ യജമാനന്റെ അടുത്തേക്ക് പോയി.

tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana
durhṛdamill-willed
durhṛdam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdur + hṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; samāsa: duṣṭaṃ hṛdayaṃ yasya / durhṛd (‘malicious-hearted’)
suhṛd-rūpamfriend-like in appearance
suhṛd-rūpam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsuhṛd + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; samāsa: suhṛdaḥ rūpam iva (‘having the appearance of a friend’)
kāminamlustful
kāminam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāmin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana
kṣaṇa-sauhṛdammomentary in affection
kṣaṇa-sauhṛdam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣaṇa + sauhṛda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; samāsa: kṣaṇikaṃ sauhṛdam yasya (‘whose friendship lasts a moment’)
indriya-ārāmamsense-pleasing
indriya-ārāmam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootindriya + ārāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; samāsa: indriyāṇām ārāmaḥ (‘delighting the senses’)
utsṛjyahaving left
utsṛjya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootut-sṛj (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), ‘having abandoned’
svāminammaster
svāminam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsvāmin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana
duḥkhitāgrieved
duḥkhitā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana
yayauwent away
yayau:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyā (धातु)
FormLiṭ lakāra (Perfect/लिट्), Prathama puruṣa, Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

The word svāminam is significant. Svāmī means “caretaker” or “master.” Devayānī was cared for by Śukrācārya before her marriage, and after her marriage she was cared for by Yayāti, but here the word svāminam indicates that Devayānī left the protection of her husband, Yayāti, and returned to her former protector, Śukrācārya. Vedic civilization recommends that a woman stay under the protection of a man. During childhood she should be cared for by her father, in youth by her husband, and in old age by a grown son. In any stage of life, a woman should not have independence.

U
Urvaśī
P
Purūravā

FAQs

This verse describes a lust-driven person as a hidden enemy who appears friendly, with affection that lasts only a moment, because the heart is centered on sense enjoyment rather than genuine care.

In the narrative, their union is shown to be unstable and driven by conditions; here she recognizes the relationship as rooted in fleeting desire and sense pleasure and thus departs in distress.

It advises discernment in relationships: avoid bonds based mainly on lust and gratification, and seek steadiness, character, and dharmic commitment rather than momentary attraction.