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Shloka 39

Kali-yuga’s Degradation, the Advent of Kalki, and the Reset of the Yuga Cycle

कृतं त्रेता द्वापरं च कलिश्चेति चतुर्युगम् । अनेन क्रमयोगेन भुवि प्राणिषु वर्तते ॥ ३९ ॥

kṛtaṁ tretā dvāparaṁ ca kaliś ceti catur-yugam anena krama-yogena bhuvi prāṇiṣu vartate

സത്യ, ത്രേതാ, ദ്വാപര, കലി—ഈ നാലുയുഗങ്ങൾ ഇതേ ക്രമത്തിൽ ഭൂമിയിലെ ജീവികളിൽ നിരന്തരം പ്രവഹിക്കുന്നു.

कृतम्Kṛta (Satya-yuga)
कृतम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject within list)
TypeNoun
Rootकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; युगनाम
त्रेताTretā (yuga)
त्रेता:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject within list)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; युगनाम
द्वापरम्Dvāpara (yuga)
द्वापरम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject within list)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वापर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; युगनाम
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
कलिःKali (yuga)
कलिः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject within list)
TypeNoun
Rootकलि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; युगनाम
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
इतिthus
इति:
Vacana-parisamapti (वचन-परिसमाप्ति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/समाप्तिवाचक-अव्यय (quotative/marker: thus)
चतुर्-युगम्the set of four yugas
चतुर्-युगम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर् (प्रातिपदिक) + युग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (चत्वारि युगानि यस्मिन्/समाहारः)
अनेनby this
अनेन:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
क्रम-योगेनby the orderly sequence
क्रम-योगेन:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रम (प्रातिपदिक) + योग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (क्रमस्य योगः = orderly sequence)
भुविon earth
भुवि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootभू (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन
प्राणिषुamong living beings
प्राणिषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), बहुवचन
वर्ततेproceeds/continues
वर्तते:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

FAQs

It states that Kṛta (Satya), Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali together make a four-yuga cycle, and these ages proceed in a fixed sequence, continually occurring on earth among living beings.

He is explaining the structure of time and the changing conditions of dharma across ages, giving Parīkṣit the broader context for understanding the nature of Kali-yuga and its effects.

It helps one recognize that social and moral conditions change with time, encouraging steadiness in dharma and greater reliance on sincere devotion (bhakti) rather than expecting perfection from the age.