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Shloka 18

The Syamantaka Jewel: Accusation, Recovery, and Kṛṣṇa’s Marriage to Satyabhāmā

हतं प्रसेनं अश्वं च वीक्ष्य केशरिणा वने । तं चाद्रिपृष्ठे निहतमृक्षेण दद‍ृशुर्जना: ॥ १८ ॥

hataṁ prasenaṁ aśvaṁ ca vīkṣya keśariṇā vane taṁ cādri-pṛṣṭhe nihatam ṛkṣeṇa dadṛśur janāḥ

കാട്ടിൽ സിംഹം കൊന്ന പ്രസേനനെയും അവന്റെ കുതിരയെയും അവർ കണ്ടു; പിന്നെ മലഞ്ചരിവിൽ അതേ സിംഹവും മരിച്ചുകിടക്കുന്നത് കണ്ടു—ഋക്ഷൻ (ജാംബവാൻ) അതിനെ വധിച്ചിരുന്നു।

हतम्killed
हतम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formक्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; प्रसेनम् इति विशेषणम्
प्रसेनम्Prasena
प्रसेनम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रसेन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन
अश्वम्the horse
अश्वम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
and
:
समुच्चय (Coordinator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
वीक्ष्यhaving seen
वीक्ष्य:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवीक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund), ‘having seen’
केशरिणाby a lion
केशरिणा:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent in passive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootकेशरिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘by a lion’
वनेin the forest
वने:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; प्रसेनम् प्रति
and
:
समुच्चय (Coordinator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अद्रिपृष्ठेon the mountain’s back/slope
अद्रिपृष्ठे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa)
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक) + पृष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी-तत्पुरुष (locative determinative): ‘अद्रेः पृष्ठे’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
निहतम्slain
निहतम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन् (धातु)
Formक्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तम् इति विशेषणम्
ऋक्षेणby a bear
ऋक्षेण:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent in passive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootऋक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘by a bear’
ददृशुःthey saw
ददृशुः:
क्रिया (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
जनाःthe people
जनाः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन
P
Prasena
S
Syamantaka jewel (context)
L
Lion
J
Jambavan (bear, context)

FAQs

This verse states that Prasena and his horse were killed in the forest by a lion, and that lion was later found killed on a mountain ridge by a bear (Jambavan), setting the chain of events that led to the Syamantaka jewel changing hands.

The verse implies a bear killed the lion; in this chapter’s narrative that bear is Jambavan, whose possession of the jewel becomes the key reason Krishna later enters the cave and confronts him to recover it.

It highlights how conclusions based on partial evidence can be misleading; careful investigation and commitment to truth are essential before blaming others—an ethic Krishna exemplifies in this episode.