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Shloka 28

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

यद् यच्छिरो न नमतेऽङ्ग शतैकशीर्ष्ण- स्तत्तन् ममर्द खरदण्डधरोऽङ्‍‍‍‍‍घ्रिपातै: । क्षीणायुषो भ्रमत उल्बणमास्यतोऽसृङ् नस्तो वमन् परमकश्मलमाप नाग: ॥ २८ ॥

yad yac chiro na namate ’ṅga śataika-śīrṣṇas tat tan mamarda khara-daṇḍa-dharo ’ṅghri-pātaiḥ kṣīṇāyuṣo bhramata ulbaṇam āsyato ’sṛṅ nasto vaman parama-kaśmalam āpa nāgaḥ

ഹേ രാജാവേ, കാളിയന് 101 പ്രധാന തലകളുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. അവയിലൊന്ന് വണങ്ങിയില്ലെങ്കിൽ, ദുഷ്ടരെ ശിക്ഷിക്കുന്ന ശ്രീകൃഷ്ണൻ തൻ്റെ പാദങ്ങൾ കൊണ്ട് അതിനെ ചവിട്ടിമെതിക്കുമായിരുന്നു. മരണത്തോട് മല്ലിട്ട കാളിയൻ തലകൾ ചുഴറ്റുകയും വായയിലൂടെയും മൂക്കിലൂടെയും രക്തം ഛർദ്ദിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. അങ്ങനെ ആ സർപ്പം കൊടിയ വേദന അനുഭവിച്ചു.

यत्which
यत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; relative pronoun used correlatively
यत्whatever
यत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; repetition for distributive sense (यद् यत् = ‘whatever’)
शिरःhead
शिरः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; here ‘head’ as object of action implied
not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)
नमतेbows
नमते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnam (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Singular; Ātmanepada; ‘bows’
अङ्गO dear
अङ्ग:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaṅga (अव्यय)
FormVocative particle/interjection (सम्बोधन-निपात)
शत-एक-शीर्ष्णःhundred-headed
शत-एक-शीर्ष्णः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśata + eka + śīrṣan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular; द्विगु-समास: ‘having one hundred heads’ (qualifying nāgaḥ)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; correlative to यत्
तत्each (one)
तत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; distributive (तत् तत् = ‘each such’)
ममर्दcrushed
ममर्द:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootmṛd (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular; Parasmaipada; ‘crushed/pressed’
खर-दण्ड-धरःthe wielder of a harsh staff
खर-दण्ड-धरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkhara + daṇḍa + dhara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular; ‘the bearer of a harsh rod’ (epithet of Kṛṣṇa)
अङ्घ्रि-पातैःwith foot-strokes
अङ्घ्रि-पातैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootaṅghri + pāta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental Plural; ‘by the strikes of (his) feet’
क्षीण-आयुषःwhose life was waning
क्षीण-आयुषः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣīṇa + āyus (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive Singular; ‘of one whose lifespan is diminished’ (qualifying nāgaḥ)
भ्रमतःof (him) reeling
भ्रमतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeVerb
Rootbhram (धातु)
FormŚatṛ-present participle (शतृ), Masculine Genitive Singular; ‘of (him) whirling’
उल्बणम्copious/terrible
उल्बणम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootulbaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; qualifying asṛk/kaśmala
आस्यतःfrom (his) mouth
आस्यतः:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootāsya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative Singular (5th/पञ्चमी); ‘from the mouth’
असृक्blood
असृक्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasṛj/asṛk (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; ‘blood’
नस्तःindeed
नस्तः:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnas (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात); here intensifier/pleonastic with vaman; reading as ‘indeed/then’ (textual)
वमन्vomiting
वमन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootvam (धातु)
FormŚatṛ-present participle (शतृ), Masculine Nominative Singular; ‘vomiting’
परम-कश्मलम्utter poison/filth
परम-कश्मलम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootparama + kaśmala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; कर्मधारय: ‘supreme/utter poison/defilement’
आपmet with
आप:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootāp (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular; ‘attained/met with’
नागःthe serpent
नागः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnāga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular; ‘serpent’
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
K
King Parīkṣit
K
Kālīya

FAQs

This verse describes how Śrī Kṛṣṇa repeatedly stamped down any of Kālīya’s hoods that refused to bow, bringing the serpent to extreme distress—showing the Lord’s decisive correction of arrogance and harm.

Śukadeva narrates the Kālīya-damana līlā to show Parīkṣit how the Lord personally protects His devotees and subdues destructive pride, compelling even a powerful offender toward submission.

When ego refuses to “bow,” suffering increases; this verse teaches that humility, accountability, and turning away from harmful actions are the path to relief and spiritual progress.