Shloka 34

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

त्वयि वीरे विपन्ने हि अज्ञानाल्लाघवान्मया।मौढ्यं च मम बाल्यं च ख्यापितं स्यात्कपीश्वर4.12.34।।

Transliteration

tvayi vīre vipanne hi ajñānāl lāghavān mayā |

mauḍhyaṁ ca mama bālyaṁ ca khyāpitaṁ syāt kapīśvara || 4.12.34 ||

Translation

ໂອ ຈອມເຈົ້າແຫ່ງວານອນ (ກະປີອິດສະວະຣ) ຖ້າທ່ານຜູ້ກ້າຫານຕ້ອງປະສົບເຄາະຮ້າຍເນື່ອງຈາກຄວາມບໍ່ຮູ້ ແລະຄວາມຫຸນຫັນຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຄວາມໂງ່ເຂລາ ແລະຄວາມເປັນເດັກຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າຈະຖືກເປີດເຜີຍ

Word by Word

• tvayi: when/in you
• tvayi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location-Condition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative/7th), एकवचनम्

• vīre: (in) the hero
• vīre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘त्वयि’ इति समानाधिकरणम्

• vipanne: having fallen into danger
• vipanne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; locative absolute sense)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + pad (धातु) + na (क्त/न-प्रत्यय; PPP)
• Form: कृदन्तः—भूतकर्मणि (past participle), पुल्लिङ्गे, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्; ‘त्वयि’ इति विशेषणम्

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/हेतु-अव्ययम्

• ajñānāt: from ignorance
• ajñānāt: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ajñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• lāghavāt: from rashness/lightness
• lāghavāt: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karta (कर्ता/Agent; with PPP)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• mauḍhyam: folly
• mauḍhyam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mauḍhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम्

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• bālyam: childishness
• bālyam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bālya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम्

• khyāpitam: would be made known/revealed
• khyāpitam: Kriyā (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: khyāp (धातु, causative of khyā) + ita (क्त)
• Form: कृदन्तः—क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; ‘मौढ्यम्/बाल्यम्’ इत्यस्य विधेयम् (predicative)

• syāt: would be
• syāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• kapīśvara: O lord of monkeys
• kapīśvara: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी: ‘कपीनाम् ईश्वरः’), सम्बोधन, पुल्लिङ्गे, एकवचनम्

Context

'O lord of monkeys! I would have betrayed my foolishness and childishness had I exposed you to danger by my ignorance and thoughtlessness.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva (Kapīśvara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Leaders must be accountable for harm caused by negligence; dharma condemns rash action rooted in ignorance.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma emphasizes that he avoided shooting because a mistake could endanger Sugrīva.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Humility and responsibility—Rāma openly names error as ‘folly’ rather than justifying it.