Shloka 23

Devanagari script

तत क्रोधो ममामर्षाद्धैर्यस्योपरि वर्तते।वैरं च सुमहज्जातं रामं प्रति सुदारुणम्।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ krodho mamāmarṣād dhairyasyopari vartate | vairaṁ ca sumahaj jātaṁ rāmaṁ prati sudāruṇam ||

Translation

ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຈາກຄວາມຄັບແຄ້ນທີ່ອົດທົນບໍ່ໄດ້ ຄວາມໂກດຂອງຂ້າຈຶ່ງພຸ່ງຂຶ້ນເກີນຂອບເຂດແຫ່ງຄວາມອົດກັ້ນ; ແລະຄວາມພະຍາບາດອັນໃຫຍ່ຫຼວງ ແລະນ່າສະພຶງກົວ ຕໍ່ພຣະຣາມາ ກໍໄດ້ເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນຂ້າ.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then, therefore
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (from that/thereafter)

• krodhaḥ: anger
• krodhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• mama: my
• mama: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive), Ekavacana

• amarṣāt: from intolerance/resentment
• amarṣāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Pañcamī vibhakti (Ablative/हेतु), Ekavacana

• dhairyasya: of patience
• dhairyasya: Adhikaraṇa-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhairya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsaka (n.), Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive), Ekavacana

• upari: over, beyond
• upari: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: upari (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; preposition/adverb ‘above, over’

• vartate: arises/prevails
• vartate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛt (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present), Ātmanepada, Prathama puruṣa, Ekavacana

• vairam: enmity
• vairam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaira (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsaka (n.), Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya-dyotaka (समुच्चयद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• sumahat: very great
• sumahat: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsaka (n.), Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; qualifying vairam

• jātam: has arisen
• jātam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jan (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Napuṃsaka, Prathamā Ekavacana; agreeing with vairam

• rāmam: Rāma
• rāmam: Pratiyogin/Viṣaya (विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• prati: towards, against
• prati: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prati (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; preposition governing accusative

• sudāruṇam: very dreadful
• sudāruṇam: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + dāruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsaka (n.), Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; qualifying vairam

Context

My anger engineered by my intolerance has crossed the limits of my patience. It has created in me a terrific enmity against Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It warns that krodha (anger) born of amarṣa (resentment) overwhelms dhairya (patience), generating destructive hostility—an explicitly anti-dharmic inner movement that precedes wrongful action.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa explains the psychological turn from loss to rage, framing his coming actions as vengeance against Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The verse emphasizes the collapse of virtue: patience is displaced by anger, illustrating a moral failure rather than an ideal trait.