Shloka 19

Devanagari script

पाण्डुराणि विशालानि दिव्यमाल्ययुतानि च।तूर्यगीताभिजुष्टानि विमानानि समन्ततः।।।।तपसा जितलोकानां कामगान्यभिसम्पतन्।गन्धर्वाप्सरसश्चैव ददर्श धनदानुजः।।।।

Transliteration

pāṇḍurāṇi viśālāni divyamālyayutāni ca |

tūryagītābhijuṣṭāni vimānāni samantataḥ ||3.35.19||

tapasā jitalokānāṃ kāmagāny abhisampatan |

gandharvāpsarasaś caiva dadarśa dhanadānujaḥ ||3.35.20||

Translation

ເມື່ອເຂົາເລັ່ງໄປຂ້າງໜ້າ ນ້ອງຊາຍຂອງກຸເບຣາໄດ້ເຫັນຮອບດ້ານມີວິມານສີຂາວສະຫວ່າງກວ້າງໃຫຍ່ ປະດັບດ້ວຍພວງມາລາທິບ ແລະກ້ອງກັງວານດ້ວຍສຽງດົນຕີແລະບົດຂັບຮ້ອງ। ວິມານເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນເຄື່ອນໄປໄດ້ຕາມປາຖະໜາ ເປັນຂອງຜູ້ບຳເນັດຕະປະສະຈົນຊະນະໂລກສູງ ແລະເຂົາຍັງເຫັນຄັນທັຣວະ ແລະ ອັບສະຣາອີກດ້ວຍ

Word by Word

• niryāsa-rasa-mūlānām: of resin-juiced-rooted (trees)
• niryāsa-rasa-mūlānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध / Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niryāsa + rasa + mūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध/Genitive), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् — 'of (trees) whose roots/trunks have resin-juice'

• candanānām: of sandalwood trees
• candanānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध / Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: candana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध/Genitive), बहुवचन

• sahasraśaḥ: in thousands
• sahasraśaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध / adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasraśas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययम्; परिमाणवाचक-क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverb) — 'by thousands'

• vanāni: forests/groves
• vanāni: Karma (कर्म / Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म/Accusative), बहुवचन

• paśyan: seeing
• paśyan: Karta (कर्ता / Agent; participle of subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √paś (पश् धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (शतृ-प्रत्यय, present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि — 'seeing' (qualifying the subject, implied from context)

• saumyāni: pleasant
• saumyāni: Karma (कर्म / Object; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saumya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् — qualifying vanāni

• ghrāṇa-tṛpti-karāṇi: giving olfactory delight
• ghrāṇa-tṛpti-karāṇi: Karma (कर्म / Object; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghrāṇa + tṛpti + kara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् — 'causing satisfaction to the sense of smell'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध / connective)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; समुच्चयार्थक-निपातः (conjunction)

Context

(It was ) full of small floats, flocks of swans, kraunchas, sarasas cackling in the ponds, with great joy. It had stretches of vaidurya stones on the shore and shone with the radiance of the sea;

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa (dhanadānuja)
• Kubera (Dhanada)
• vimānas (aerial chariots)
• tapas (austerity)
• gandharvas
• apsarases
• tūrya (instruments)
• gīta (song)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse links attainment (higher worlds, celestial vehicles) to tapas—disciplined effort. In Ramayana ethics, merit is earned through self-restraint and truth-aligned practice, not seized through force; it implicitly critiques those who pursue desire without dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāvaṇa moves swiftly, he witnesses celestial vimānas associated with ascetics who have gained lofty realms through penance, along with gandharvas and apsarases—reinforcing the supernatural scale of the journey.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The virtue emphasized is tapas (austerity) as a dharmic means of achievement—contrasted with adharma-driven acquisition. The verse praises earned spiritual merit rather than inherited or coerced power.