Shloka 12

Kārttika-vrata Discipline: Purity Rules, Morning Bath Saṅkalpa, Tilaka Injunctions, and Food Prohibitions

Devanagari script

यच्छरीरं मनुष्याणामूर्ध्वपुंड्रं विना कृतम् । तद्दर्शनं न कर्तव्यं दृष्ट्वा सूर्यं निरीक्षयेत्

Transliteration

yaccharīraṃ manuṣyāṇāmūrdhvapuṃḍraṃ vinā kṛtam | taddarśanaṃ na kartavyaṃ dṛṣṭvā sūryaṃ nirīkṣayet

Translation

ບໍ່ຄວນເບິ່ງຮ່າງກາຍຂອງຜູ້ທີ່ບໍ່ມີ ອູຣດະວະ-ປຸນດຣະ (ຕິລະກະໄວສະນະວະ) ເລີຍ; ຖ້າບັງເອີນເຫັນ ຈົ່ງເບິ່ງໄປຫາດວງອາທິດທັນທີ.

Word by Word

• यत्: which
• यत्: Visheshana (Relative determiner)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — सम्बन्धक (which)

• शरीरम्: body
• शरीरम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — विषय (the body)

• मनुष्याणाम्: of men/humans
• मनुष्याणाम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन — सम्बन्ध (of humans)

• ऊर्ध्वपुंड्रम्: ūrdhva-puṇḍra mark
• ऊर्ध्वपुंड्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्ध्वपुण्ड्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — अभाव-सम्बन्धित (ūrdhva-puṇḍra)

• विना: without
• विना: Nishedha/Apavarga (Exclusion)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (उपपद) — वियोग/अभाव (without), द्वितीयासहयोगी

• कृतम्: made/done
• कृतम्: Vidhaya-visheshana (Predicate participle)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृत् (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — ‘कृत’ (made/done)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Visheshana (Determiner)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — निर्देश (that)

• दर्शनम्: seeing (it)
• दर्शनम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — विषय (seeing)

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निषेध) — negation

• कर्तव्यम्: should be done
• कर्तव्यम्: Vidhaya (Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कर्तव्य (कृदन्त)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (तव्यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — विधेय (to be done/should be done)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala (Prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट्वा (क्त्वान्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund) — पूर्वक्रिया (having seen)

• सूर्यम्: the sun
• सूर्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — कर्म (the sun)

• निरीक्षयेत्: should gaze at
• निरीक्षयेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईक्ष् (धातु) + निर् (उपसर्ग)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद — विध्यर्थ (should look at)

Speaker

Unspecified (narratorial injunction within the Brahma-khaṇḍa context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: यच्छरीरम् = यत् + शरीरम् (व्यञ्जनसन्धि); मनुष्याणामूर्ध्वपुंड्रम् = मनुष्याणाम् + ऊर्ध्वपुण्ड्रम् (स्वरसन्धि); तद्दर्शनम् = तत् + दर्शनम् (व्यञ्जनसन्धि).

Characters & Entities

• Surya (the Sun)
• ūrdhva-puṇḍra (Vaiṣṇava tilaka)

FAQs

What is the ūrdhva-puṇḍra mentioned in this verse?

Ūrdhva-puṇḍra is the vertical Vaiṣṇava tilaka/forehead-mark, a sectarian and devotional emblem associated with Viṣṇu/Nārāyaṇa worship and Vaiṣṇava identity.

Why does the verse advise looking at the Sun after seeing someone without ūrdhva-puṇḍra?

The instruction functions as a ritual remedy (prāyaścitta-like gesture) to counter an inauspicious or religiously improper sight; turning one’s gaze to Sūrya is presented as a purifying corrective act.

What ethical or devotional lesson does this verse emphasize?

It stresses the importance the text places on visible markers of Vaiṣṇava devotion and disciplined conduct, treating devotional insignia as a sign of religious commitment and prescribing a corrective response when that standard is not met.