Shloka 19

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय ८१: कृष्णस्य दूतप्रयाणम्

Udyoga Parva, Chapter 81: Krishna Sets Out as Envoy

Devanagari script

जनार्दन! जैसे अवध्यका वध करनेपर महान्‌ दोष लगता है, उसी प्रकार वध्यका वध न करनेसे भी दोषकी प्राप्ति होती है। यह बात धर्मज्ञ पुरुष जानते हैं ।।

Transliteration

janārdana! yathā avadhyakā-vadhe mahān doṣaḥ, tathā vadhyakā-vadhaṃ na kṛte ’pi doṣa-prāptiḥ. etad dharmajñāḥ puruṣā jānanti. yathā tvāṃ na spṛśed eṣa doṣaḥ, kṛṣṇa, tathā kuru. pāṇḍavaiḥ saha dāśārhaḥ sūñjayaiś ca sasainikaiḥ—śrīkṛṣṇa, yathā tvāṃ doṣo na spṛśet tathā prayatnaṃ kuru.

Translation

«ໂອ ຈະນາຣະດະນະ! ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັນກັບຄວາມຜິດອັນໜັກທີ່ເກີດຈາກການຂ້າຜູ້ທີ່ບໍ່ຄວນຖືກຂ້າ, ການບໍ່ຂ້າຜູ້ທີ່ຄວນຖືກຂ້າກໍນຳຄວາມຜິດມາເຊັ່ນກັນ. ນັກຮູ້ທຳຍ່ອມເຂົ້າໃຈເລື່ອງນີ້. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ໂອ ກຣິດສະນະ, ຈົ່ງປະຕິບັດໃຫ້ເປັນໄປໃນທາງທີ່ຄວາມຜິດນີ້ບໍ່ແຕະຕ້ອງທ່ານ. ໂອ ດາຊາຣຫະ, ຈົ່ງຮ່ວມກັບພວກປານດະວະ, ພວກສຣິນຈະຍະ, ແລະກອງທັບຂອງພວກເຂົາ, ພ້ອມທັງພວກຢາດະວະ ແລະກຳລັງທະຫານ, ເພື່ອພາກພຽນໃຫ້ພຣະສຣີກຣິດສະນະຢູ່ພົ້ນຈາກຄຳຕຳນິນີ້».

Word by Word

• यथा: just as / so that
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा
• Form: avyaya

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: gender: (common), case: accusative, number: singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न
• Form: avyaya

• स्पृशेत्: may touch / should touch
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्पृश्
• Form: lakara: vidhi-ling, tense: optative, person: 3rd, number: singular, pada: parasmaipada

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: gender: masculine, case: nominative, number: singular

• दोषः: fault / sin / blame
• दोषः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष
• Form: gender: masculine, case: nominative, number: singular

• कृष्ण: O Krishna
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्ण
• Form: gender: masculine, case: vocative, number: singular

• तथा: thus / in that way
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: avyaya

• कुरु: do / act
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: lakara: lot, mood: imperative, person: 2nd, number: singular, pada: parasmaipada

• पाण्डवैः: with the Pandavas
• पाण्डवैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: gender: masculine, case: instrumental, number: plural

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह
• Form: avyaya (used with instrumental)

• दाशार्ह: O Dasharha (Krishna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दाशार्ह
• Form: gender: masculine, case: vocative, number: singular

• सूंजयैः: with the Sṛñjayas
• सूंजयैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूंजय
• Form: gender: masculine, case: instrumental, number: plural

• यादवैः: with the Yadavas
• यादवैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यादव
• Form: gender: masculine, case: instrumental, number: plural

• नव: indeed / now (particle; reading uncertain)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नव
• Form: avyaya

• ससैनिकैः: together with soldiers
• ससैनिकैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-सैनिक
• Form: gender: masculine, case: instrumental, number: plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• वैशम्पायन (Vaiśampāyana)
• जनार्दन (Janārdana/Kṛṣṇa)
• कृष्ण (Kṛṣṇa)
• दाशार्ह (Dāśārha—epithet of Kṛṣṇa)
• पाण्डव (Pāṇḍavas)
• सृञ्जय/सूंजय (Sṛñjayas)
• यादव (Yādavas)
• सैनिक (armies/troops)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is not only about avoiding wrongful violence (killing the inviolable) but also about fulfilling necessary justice (not sparing the punishable). Both extremes can generate doṣa; therefore one must act so that righteous responsibility is met without moral stain.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana reports counsel directed to Kṛṣṇa: with the Pāṇḍavas, Sṛñjayas, and allied forces, he should undertake a course of action that avoids blame—navigating the impending conflict so that neither wrongful killing nor negligent inaction compromises dharma.