Shloka 12

Devanagari script

येन धर्मसुते दृष्टा न सा श्रीरुपमर्षिता । यच्चाप्यपश्यतोपायं धर्मिष्ठ मधुसूदन

Transliteration

yena dharmasute dṛṣṭā na sā śrīr upamarṣitā | yac cāpy apaśyato pāyaṃ dharmiṣṭha madhusūdana ||

Translation

ອາຣຊຸນກ່າວວ່າ: «ເມື່ອຄວາມຮຸ່ງເຮືອງ ແລະສິຣີລາດຊະສົມບັດນັ້ນປາກົດຢູ່ໃນທ່ານທຳມະສຸດ (ຢຸທິສຖິຣະ), ຜູ້ອິດສາກໍທົນບໍ່ໄດ້. ແລະເຖິງແມ່ນເຂົາບໍ່ເຫັນທາງອອກໃດເລີຍ ໂອ ມະທຸສູດະນະ, ຜູ້ທຳມະສູງສຸດ—»

Word by Word

• येन: by which/whereby
• येन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• धर्मसुते: in/with the son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira)
• धर्मसुते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मसुत
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• दृष्टा: seen; having been seen
• दृष्टा: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• सा: that (she)
• सा: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• श्रीः: fortune/splendor (Śrī)
• श्रीः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• उपमर्षिता: endured/borne; submitted to
• उपमर्षिता: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-मृश्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• यत्: which; what
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• अपश्यतः: of (him) not seeing; while not seeing
• Type: Verb
• Root: अ-पश्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• उपायम्: means/expedient
• उपायम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपाय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मिष्ठ: most righteous
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मिष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• मधुसूदन: O slayer of Madhu (Kṛṣṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधुसूदन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

अर्जुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• Dharmasuta (Yudhiṣṭhira)
• Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa)
• Śrī (prosperity/royal fortune)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how visible prosperity and rightful eminence can provoke intolerance and envy in others, becoming a moral cause of conflict; it also frames the need for a righteous ‘upāya’ (ethical remedy) sought from Kṛṣṇa.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna addresses Kṛṣṇa, reflecting on Yudhiṣṭhira’s situation: his royal fortune was resented and not tolerated, and when he could not see a way out, Arjuna turns to Kṛṣṇa (Madhusūdana) as the dharmic guide for counsel.