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Shloka 10

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

यः प्रमाणं न जानाति स्थाने वृद्धौँ तथा क्षये । कोशे जनपदे दण्डे न स राज्येडवतिषछते,जो राजा स्थिति, लाभ, हानि, खजाना, देश तथा दण्ड आदिकी मात्राको नहीं जानता, वह राज्यपर स्थिर नहीं रह सकता

yaḥ pramāṇaṁ na jānāti sthāne vṛddhau tathā kṣaye | kośe janapade daṇḍe na sa rājye 'vatiṣṭhate ||

ວິດູຣະກ່າວວ່າ: ກະສັດຜູ້ບໍ່ຮູ້ມາດຕະຖານ ແລະ ສັດສ່ວນອັນຖືກຕ້ອງ—ສິ່ງໃດຄວນໃນຍາມມັ່ນຄົງ, ຍາມເຕີບໂຕ, ແລະ ຍາມຖອຍຫຼັງ; ໃນຄັງຫຼວງ, ໃນແຜ່ນດິນ ແລະ ປະຊາຊົນ, ແລະ ໃນການໃຊ້ໂທດ—ກະສັດນັ້ນບໍ່ອາດຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນອຳນາດໄດ້ຢ່າງໝັ້ນຄົງ. ການປົກຄອງດ້ວຍທຳມະຕ້ອງອາໄສການຕັດສິນທີ່ວັດກະທັດ: ຮູ້ເວລາໃດຄວນສະຫງວນ, ເວລາໃດຄວນຂະຫຍາຍ, ແລະ ເວລາໃດຄວນຢັບຢັ້ງດ້ວຍວິໄນອັນຍຸດຕິທຳ.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रमाणम्measure, proper standard/limit
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जानातिknows
जानाति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्थानेin proper place/occasion; in stability
स्थाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वृद्धौin increase/growth
वृद्धौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
क्षयेin decline/loss
क्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कोशेin the treasury
कोशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जनपदेin the realm/country
जनपदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दण्डेin punishment/discipline
दण्डे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तिष्ठतेstands/remains (stable)
तिष्ठते:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
king (rājā)
T
treasury (kośa)
R
realm/people (janapada)
P
punishment/discipline (daṇḍa)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must have pramāṇa—sound judgment of proper limits and proportion—in prosperity and decline, finance, public welfare, and punishment; without this calibrated discernment, stable rule is impossible.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers counsel on righteous governance and practical statecraft; here he warns that ignorance of proportionate policy in resources, people, and discipline undermines a king’s ability to hold the kingdom.