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Shloka 1

Chapter 81: Trust, Allies, and the Qualifications of the King’s Artha-Secretary (अर्थसचिव)

2: छा आर: अशीतितमोब<्ध्याय: राजाके लिये मित्र और अमित्रकी पहचान तथा उन सबके साथ नीतिपूर्ण बर्तावका और मन्त्रीके लक्षणोंका वर्णन युधिछिर उवाच यदप्यल्पतरं कर्म तदप्येकेन दुष्करम्‌ । पुरुषेणासहायेन किमु राज्ञा पितामह

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | yad apy alpataram karma tad apy ekena duṣkaram | puruṣeṇāsahāyena kimu rājñā pitāmaha ||

ຢຸທິສຖິຣ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ທ່ານປູ່ເຖົ້າ, ແມ່ນແຕ່ວຽກນ້ອຍທີ່ສຸດ ກໍຍັງກາຍເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ຍາກ ເມື່ອຊາຍຄົນໜຶ່ງຕ້ອງເຮັດມັນລຳພັງ ໂດຍບໍ່ມີຜູ້ຊ່ວຍ. ແລ້ວກະສັດຈະປົກຄອງອານາຈັກອັນໃຫຍ່ໂຕ ໂດຍບໍ່ມີການໜຸນຊ່ວຍຈາກຜູ້ອື່ນ ໄດ້ຢ່າງໃດ?»

यद्whatever/which
यद्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अल्पतरम्smaller/very small
अल्पतरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्पतर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कर्मtask, work
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तद्that
तद्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एकेनby one (alone)
एकेन:
Karana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
दुष्करम्difficult to do
दुष्करम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषेणby a man/person
पुरुषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
असहायेनwithout help, unaided
असहायेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-सहाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
किम्what? how?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
indeed/then (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्ञाby a king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
K
king (rājā)
K
kingdom (rājya, implied)

Educational Q&A

Effective rule depends on capable assistance: even minor duties are difficult alone, so a king must rely on well-chosen helpers—especially ministers and trusted officers—guided by dharma and prudent policy.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on royal duty, Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bhīṣma about practical kingship: since solitary effort fails even in small matters, how can a ruler administer a great realm without allies and advisers? This sets up discussion on identifying friends and foes and the qualities of ministers.