धर्मस्य बहुद्वारत्वम् — Nārada’s Audience with Indra (Śānti-parva 340)
सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्नेति गुणानेतान् प्रचक्षते । यत्ते सर्वशरीरेषु तिष्ठन्ति विचरन्ति च
sattvaṁ rajas tamaś ceti guṇān etān pracakṣate | yatte sarvaśarīreṣu tiṣṭhanti vicaranti ca ||
ພີສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: ນີ້ແມ່ນສາມຄຸນ (guṇa) ທີ່ຖືກປະກາດ—ສັດຕະວະ (sattva), ຣາຈະສະ (rajas), ແລະ ຕະມະສະ (tamas). ພວກມັນສະຖິດຢູ່ໃນສັດທີ່ມີຮ່າງກາຍທັງປວງ ແລະເຄື່ອນໄຫວດຳເນີນຢູ່ເລື້ອຍໆພາຍໃນນັ້ນ ປັ້ນແຕ່ງການປະພຶດ ແລະປະສົບການ.
भीष्म उवाच
Bhīṣma identifies the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas—as universal forces present in every embodied being; ethical and psychological life is understood as their ongoing interplay.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction, Bhīṣma continues his philosophical-ethical exposition to Yudhiṣṭhira, explaining how the guṇas pervade all beings and actively influence behavior and experience.