Shloka 47

Devanagari script

इनके साथ ही इन्द्रियोंके पाँच विषय अर्थात्‌ स्पर्श, शब्द, रूप, रस और गन्ध एवं मन और अहंकार--इन सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ताव्यक्तको मिलानेसे चौबीस तत्त्वोंका समूह होता है, उसे व्यक्ताव्यक्तमय समुदाय कहा गया है ।। एतै: सर्वे: समायुक्त: पुमानित्यभिधीयते । त्रिवर्ग तु सुखं दुःखं जीवितं मरणं तथा

Transliteration

etaiḥ sarvaiḥ samāyuktaḥ pumān ity abhidhīyate | trivargaṃ tu sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ jīvitaṃ maraṇaṃ tathā ||

Translation

ນາຣະດະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ຍັງມີອາຣົມ 5 ຂອງອິນທຣິຍະ—ການສຳຜັດ, ສຽງ, ຮູບ, ລົດ, ກິ່ນ—ແລະ ມະນະ (ໃຈ) ກັບ ອະຫັງກາຣະ (ຄວາມຍຶດວ່າ ‘ຂ້ອຍ’). ເມື່ອນໍາທັງໝົດນີ້ໄປຮວມກັບ ປາກົດ ແລະ ບໍ່ປາກົດ ຈຶ່ງເປັນກຸ່ມຕັດຕະວະ 24 ທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ ຊຸມຊົນ ‘ປາກົດ-ບໍ່ປາກົດ’. ຜູ້ທີ່ປະກອບດ້ວຍອົງປະກອບເຫຼົ່ານີ້ທັງໝົດ ເອີ້ນວ່າ ‘ປຸຣຸສະ’ (puruṣa). ແລະໃນສະພາບອັນມີຮ່າງນີ້ ມີຕຣິວັກກະ (ເປົ້າໝາຍໂລກ 3) ພ້ອມທັງ ສຸກ-ທຸກ ແລະ ຊີວິດ-ຄວາມຕາຍ; ຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າປະສົບການຂອງຕົນໃນໂລກທີ່ປາກົດ ຖືກຈັດຮູບໂດຍປັດໃຈເຫຼົ່ານີ້».

Word by Word

• {'etaiḥ': 'by these (instrumental plural

• referring to the enumerated principles/constituents)', 'sarvaiḥ': 'by all (of them), entirely', 'samāyuktaḥ': 'joined/associated/combined with', 'pumān': 'man

• the embodied individual (puruṣa in common usage here)', 'iti': 'thus', 'abhidhīyate': 'is called

• is designated', 'trivargam': 'the three aims of worldly life (dharma, artha, kāma)', 'tu': 'and/but (connective emphasis)', 'sukham': 'pleasure

• happiness', 'duḥkham': 'pain

• suffering', 'jīvitam': 'life

• living', 'maraṇam': 'death', 'tathā': 'and also

Speaker

नारद उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Nārada

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that the ‘person’ (pumān/puruṣa in the sense of the embodied individual) is identified through association with the enumerated constituents of experience; within that embodied framework arise the worldly triad (dharma–artha–kāma) and the paired opposites of pleasure/pain and life/death.

What is happening in the narrative?

Nārada continues an analytical exposition (in a Sāṅkhya-like register) describing how the individual is spoken of in relation to the constituents of manifest existence, and how ordinary human pursuits and experiences—aims of life, pleasure and pain, and mortality—belong to that conditioned, embodied state.