Shloka 13
ब्रह्मघोष-प्रवर्तनम्, अनध्याय-नियमः, वायु-मार्ग-वर्णनम्
Restoring Vedic Recitation, the Anadhyaya Rule, and the Taxonomy of Winds
पुरुष प्रकृतिसे भिन्न और नित्य है तथा अव्यक्त (प्रकृति) पुरुषसे भिन्न एवं अनित्य है। जैसे सींकसे मूँज अलग होती है, उसी प्रकार प्रकृति भी पुरुषसे पृथक् है ।।
puruṣaḥ prakṛteḥ bhinnaḥ nityaś ca; avyaktā (prakṛtiḥ) api puruṣāt bhinnā anityā ca. yathā śīṅkāt muñjaḥ pṛthak, tathā prakṛtir api puruṣāt pṛthak. anyac ca maśakaṃ vidyāt anyac codumbaraṃ tathā; na codumbarasaṃyogaiḥ maśakas tatra lipyate. tathā matsyaḥ anyo dravyaṃ, jalaṃ cānyat; jalasparśena matsyo na kadācana lipyate.
ຍາຊະນະວັນກະຍະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ປຸຣຸສະ (Puruṣa) ຄືອັດຕາຜູ້ຮູ້ ແຍກຕ່າງຈາກ ປຣະກຣິຕິ (Prakṛti) ແລະເປັນນິດ. ອະວະຍັກຕະ—ປຣະກຣິຕິທີ່ບໍ່ປາກົດ—ກໍແຍກຕ່າງຈາກປຸຣຸສະ ແລະບໍ່ນິດ. ເຫມືອນຫຍ້າມຸນຈະທີ່ແຍກອອກຈາກກ້ານໄດ້, ປຣະກຣິຕິກໍແຍກຈາກປຸຣຸສະ. ຈົ່ງຮູ້ອີກວ່າ ຍຸງນ້ອຍແມ່ນຢ່າງໜຶ່ງ ແລະ ໝາກອຸດຸມບະຣະ (udumbara) ແມ່ນອີກຢ່າງໜຶ່ງ; ແມ່ນແຕ່ຢູ່ຮ່ວມກັນ ຍຸງກໍບໍ່ຖືກເປື້ອນໂດຍໝາກໄມ້ດ້ວຍແຕ່ການຄົບຄຽງ. ທຳນອງດຽວກັນ ປາແມ່ນຢ່າງໜຶ່ງ ແລະນ້ຳແມ່ນອີກຢ່າງໜຶ່ງ; ດ້ວຍການສຳຜັດນ້ຳ ປາບໍ່ເຄີຍຖືກເປື້ອນ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຄວາມໃກ້ຊິດ ຫຼືການສຳຜັດຢ່າງດຽວ ບໍ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ອັດຕາຖືກຜູກມັດ ຫຼືເປື້ອນໂດຍທາດວັດຖຸ».
याज़्वल्क्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches viveka (discriminative knowledge): the conscious Self (Puruṣa) is essentially distinct from material nature (Prakṛti/Avyakta). Because bondage is only due to association (saṃyoga) and misidentification, the Self is not truly tainted by the body-mind or by contact with the world—just as a gnat is not ‘smeared’ by the fig it inhabits, and a fish is not stained by water.
In the Śānti Parva’s mokṣa-oriented instruction, the sage Yājñavalkya is expounding metaphysical doctrine to clarify how liberation is possible. He uses everyday similes (muñja from its stalk; gnat and udumbara; fish and water) to show that proximity does not imply identity, reinforcing detachment and the understanding that the Self remains untouched.