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Shloka 38

Utkramaṇa-sthāna and Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇa: Yājñavalkya’s Instruction on Departure Pathways and Mortality Signs

जब यह पुरुष पचीसतवें तत्त्वस्वरूप परमात्मामें स्थित हो जाता है, तब उसकी स्थिति उत्तम बतायी जाती है--वह ठीक बर्ताव करता है, ऐसा माना जाता है। एकत्वका बोध ही ज्ञान है और नानात्वका बोध ही अज्ञान है ।।

tattvanistattvayor etat pṛthag eva nidarśanam | pañcaviṃśatisargaṃ tu tattvam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ ||

ວະສິດຖະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ນີ້ແມ່ນເຄື່ອງໝາຍອັນແຈ້ງຊັດ ທີ່ຄວນເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າ ‘ຕັດຕະວະ’ (tattva) ແລະ ‘ບໍ່ແມ່ນຕັດຕະວະ’ (non-tattva) ແຍກອອກຈາກກັນ. ນັກປັນຍາບາງພວກປະກາດວ່າ ຊຸດຫຼັກການຍີ່ສິບຫ້າທັງໝົດແມ່ນ ‘ຕັດຕະວະ’; ອີກພວກໜຶ່ງເອີ້ນຫຼັກການຍີ່ສິບສີ່ອັນບໍ່ມີຈິດຮູ້ ວ່າ ‘ຕັດຕະວະ’ ແລະເຫັນວ່າ ອັນທີ່ຍີ່ສິບຫ້າ—ອາດຕະມັນສູງສຸດຜູ້ມີຈິດຮູ້—ແມ່ນ ‘ບໍ່ແມ່ນຕັດຕະວະ’, ຄືຢູ່ເຫນືອ ແລະແຕກຕ່າງຈາກໝວດທີ່ເສື່ອມສະລາຍ. ການຮູ້ຄວາມເປັນໜຶ່ງແມ່ນປັນຍາ; ການເຫັນຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍເປັນສຸດທ້າຍແມ່ນອະວິຊາ. ເມື່ອບຸກຄົນຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນຄວາມເປັນຈິງອັນທີ່ຍີ່ສິບຫ້ານັ້ນ ສະພາບຂອງເຂົາຖືກກ່າວວ່າຍອດຢ້ຽມ ແລະການປະພຶດຂອງເຂົາຖືກເຫັນວ່າຖືກຕ້ອງແທ້».

तत्त्वreality; principle
तत्त्व:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
निस्तत्त्वयोःof (the) non-tattva and tattva (i.e., of the two: tattva and nistattva)
निस्तत्त्वयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिस्तत्त्व
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पृथक्separately; distinctly
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
निदर्शनम्indication; mark; definition
निदर्शनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिदर्शन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चविंशतिसर्गम्the group/creation of twenty-five (principles)
पञ्चविंशतिसर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चविंशतिसर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तत्त्वम्as tattva; reality/principle
तत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say; they have declared
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मनीषिणःthe wise; sages
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
P
Paramātman (Supreme Self)
M
Manīṣiṇaḥ (sages/wise thinkers)

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes between perishable categories (tattvas as analyzable principles) and the transcendent conscious reality. Some count 25 principles as tattva; others treat the 24 insentient evolutes as tattva and the 25th, the Supreme Self, as beyond them. Ethically, true right conduct is grounded in abiding in that highest reality; unity (ekatva) is knowledge, while taking multiplicity as ultimate is ignorance.

In Śānti Parva’s instructional discourse, Vasiṣṭha is teaching a listener about metaphysical discernment and its moral consequence: recognizing the Supreme Self as distinct from changing constituents leads to an ‘excellent state’ and proper conduct.