Shloka 35
Utkramaṇa-sthāna and Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇa: Yājñavalkya’s Instruction on Departure Pathways and Mortality Signs
एतन्निदर्शनं सम्यगसम्यगनिदर्शनम् । बुध्यमानाप्रबुद्धानां पृथग्पृथगरिंदम
etannidarśanaṃ samyag asamyag-anidarśanam | budhyamānāprabuddhānāṃ pṛthak pṛthag ariṃdama ||
ໂອ ຜູ້ປະຫານສັດຕູເອີຍ, ນີ້ແມ່ນຕົວຢ່າງອັນຊັດເຈນຂອງຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈທີ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ—ແລະຂອງຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ. ສໍາລັບຜູ້ທີ່ກໍາລັງຕື່ນຮູ້ແຕ່ຍັງບໍ່ຕື່ນຮູ້ສົມບູນ, ສອງຢ່າງນີ້ປາກົດເປັນຄົນລະຢ່າງ. ຄວາມຮູ້ຂອງບັນດິດໂດດເດັ່ນເພາະຕັ້ງຢູ່ເທິງເຫດຜົນອັນຖືກຕ້ອງ ແລະວິທີຮູ້ທີ່ເຊື່ອຖືໄດ້; ແຕ່ “ຄວາມຮູ້” ຂອງຜູ້ບໍ່ຮູ້ນັ້ນບໍ່ໜ້າໄວ້ໃຈ, ຂາດຄວາມສອດຄ່ອງທາງເຫດຜົນ, ຈຶ່ງບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ—ແຍກອອກຈາກຄວາມຮູ້ທີ່ຖືກຕ້ອງທີ່ໄດ້ກ່າວໄວ້ກ່ອນ.
वसिष्ठ उवाच
Educational Q&A
Vasiṣṭha distinguishes valid, reasoned knowledge (samyak-jñāna) from unreliable, ungrounded notions taken as knowledge by the ignorant. True understanding is marked by coherence and proper justification; false understanding lacks these and must be recognized as separate.
In a didactic exchange within Śānti Parva, Vasiṣṭha addresses a king (called ariṃdama) and clarifies how to tell right insight from mistaken views, especially for seekers who are in the process of awakening but not yet fully established in wisdom.