Shloka 23
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
सक्तमात्मानमीशे च देवे नारायणो तथा । देवं मोक्षे च संसक्त मोक्ष सक्ते तु न क्वचित्
saktam ātmānam īśe ca deve nārāyaṇo tathā | devaṁ mokṣe ca saṁsaktaṁ mokṣa-sakte tu na kvacit ||
ພີສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: «ອາດຕະມັນຂອງປະຈຳຕົວອາໄສຢູ່ເທິງພຣະເຈົ້າ; ພຣະເຈົ້ານັ້ນກໍອາໄສຢູ່ເທິງນາຣາຍະນະ (Nārāyaṇa). ນາຣາຍະນະຖືກກ່າວວ່າຜູກພັນກັບໂມກສະ (Mokṣa)—ການຫຼຸດພົ້ນສູງສຸດ. ແຕ່ໂມກສະບໍ່ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນສິ່ງໃດເລີຍ; ມັນຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນສະພາບຂອງຕົນເອງ»។ ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຄໍາສອນນີ້ຈຶ່ງສະແດງລໍາດັບການຄໍ້າຈຸນ ຈາກອາດຕະມັນທີ່ມີກາຍ ໄປສູ່ພື້ນຖານທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກເງື່ອນໄຂ ໂດຍຊີ້ວ່າການຫຼຸດພົ້ນແມ່ນຖານສຸດທ້າຍ ແລະພໍພຽງໃນຕົນເອງ।
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse presents a chain of dependence: the individual self relies on the Lord; the Lord is identified with/grounded in Nārāyaṇa; Nārāyaṇa is connected with Mokṣa (the supreme release). Mokṣa alone is independent—self-established—indicating liberation as the ultimate, unconditioned reality.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and the highest good. Here he shifts to a metaphysical explanation, describing how all conditioned beings and divine forms ultimately point toward Mokṣa as the final, self-sufficient principle.