Shloka 15
Adhyāya 241: Guṇa-sṛṣṭi, Kṣetrajña-sākṣitva, and Śama through Ātma-jñāna (गुणसृष्टिः, क्षेत्रज्ञसाक्षित्वं, शमः)
विद्यामयो<न्य: पुरुषस्तात कर्ममयो5पर: । विद्धि चन्द्रमसं दर्शे सूक्ष्म्पा कलया स्थितम्
vidyāmayo 'nyaḥ puruṣas tāta karmamayo 'paraḥ | viddhi candramasaṁ darśe sūkṣmāṁ kalayā sthitam ||
ພີດສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: «ລູກເອີຍ, ຄົນທີ່ຖືກຫຼໍ່ຫຼອມດ້ວຍວິຊາ (ຄວາມຮູ້) ແມ່ນອີກຢ່າງໜຶ່ງ; ຄົນທີ່ຖືກຫຼໍ່ຫຼອມດ້ວຍກຳ—ຜູ້ຜູກພັນກັບການກະທຳແລະຜົນ—ແມ່ນອີກຢ່າງໜຶ່ງ. ຈົ່ງເຂົ້າໃຈດ້ວຍຕົວຢ່າງດວງຈັນ: ໃນຄືນດວງຈັນດັບ ມັນເຫຼືອພຽງແຕ່ເສັ້ນບາງລະອຽດ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນແຫຼະ ຈົ່ງຮູ້ວ່າເປັນສະພາບຂອງຜູ້ຕິດກຳ—ພວກເຂົາຖືກບັງຄັບໃຫ້ຫມຸນວຽນໃນວົງຈອນແຫ່ງການຫຼຸດລົງແລະການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ (ເສຍແລະໄດ້)».
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma distinguishes two orientations of human life: one grounded in knowledge (vidyā), which tends toward inner steadiness and clarity, and another dominated by action with attachment to results (karma), which keeps a person moving through alternating states of increase and decrease—gain and loss, rise and fall.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma addresses the listener (Yudhishthira) and uses a natural image—the moon reduced to a barely perceptible portion on the new-moon night—to illustrate how the action-bound person remains caught in fluctuating conditions, unlike the knowledge-formed person.