Shloka 1
जापक–इक्ष्वाकु–सत्यविवादः
The Jāpaka, Ikṣvāku, and the Dispute on Truth and Merit
अप ह< बक। है २ >> एकनवर्त्याधिकशततमो< ध्याय: ब्रह्मचर्य और गार्हस्थ्य आश्रमोंके धर्मका वर्णन भरद्वाज उवाच दानस्य कि फल प्राहुर्धर्मस्थ चरितस्य च । तपसश्च सुतप्तस्य स्वाध्यायस्य हुतस्य वा
Bharadvāja uvāca: dānasya kiṁ phalaṁ prāhur dharmastha caritasya ca | tapasaś ca sutaptasya svādhyāyasya hutasya vā ||
ພາຣະດວາຊະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ພຣາຫມະນະ! ບັນດິດທັງຫຼາຍກ່າວວ່າ ທານະທີ່ປະຕິບັດໃນຂອບເຂດແຫ່ງທຳມະ ມີຜົນຢ່າງໃດ? ແລະຜົນຂອງຕະປະທີ່ບຳເນັດດີ, ຂອງສະວາທະຍາຍະ (ການສຶກສາເວດ), ແລະຂອງການຖວາຍບູຊາໃນໄຟສັກສິດ (ອັກນິໂຫຕຣ) ເຂົາເວົ້າວ່າເປັນຢ່າງໃດ?»
भरद्वाज उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: it asks what spiritual and ethical ‘fruits’ are attributed to four foundational disciplines—charity grounded in righteousness, properly performed austerity, disciplined Vedic study, and fire-offerings—setting up a discussion on how inner intention and right conduct determine the value of religious acts.
At the opening of the chapter, the sage Bharadvāja addresses a Brāhmaṇa teacher and requests an authoritative explanation of the outcomes (phala) of key duties associated with brahmacarya and gārhasthya life—giving, tapas, svādhyāya, and ritual offerings.