Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 14

निरय-परमस्थान-वर्णनम्

Niraya and the Supreme Station: A Metaphysical Re-reading

नित्यमेव सुखं स्वर्गे सुखं दुः:खमिहो भयम्‌ । नरके दुःखमेवाहु: सुखं तत्परमं पदम्‌,स्वर्गमें सदा सुख ही होता है। इस मर्त्यलोकमें सुख और दु:ख दोनों होते हैं। नरकमें केवल दुःख-ही-दुःख बताया गया है। वास्तविक सुख तो वह परमपदस्वरूप परब्रह्म परमात्मा ही है

nityam eva sukhaṃ svarge sukhaṃ duḥkham iha u bhayam | narake duḥkham evāhuḥ sukhaṃ tat paramam padam ||

ພາຣະດວາຊະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ໃນສະຫວັນ ມີແຕ່ຄວາມສຸກເທົ່ານັ້ນ ຢູ່ເປັນນິດ. ໃນໂລກມະນຸດນີ້ ມີທັງສຸກແລະທຸກຂ໌. ໃນນະລົກ ເຂົາກ່າວວ່າມີແຕ່ທຸກຂ໌ລ້ວນໆ. ແຕ່ຄວາມສຸກທີ່ແທ້ ແມ່ນສະພາບອັນສູງສຸດ—ພະຣະມະປະດະ (parama-pada), ພຣະພຣະຫມັນອັນສູງສຸດ».

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
FormAvyaya (adverb)
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (emphatic particle)
सुखम्happiness/pleasure
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
स्वर्गेin heaven
स्वर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, locative, singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
दुःखम्sorrow/pain
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
FormAvyaya (adverb)
उभयम्both (together)
उभयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउभय
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
नरकेin hell
नरके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormMasculine, locative, singular
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (emphatic particle)
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPresent tense (Lat), 3rd person, plural; parasmaipada
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
परमम्supreme
परमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
पदम्state/abode/goal
पदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपद
FormNeuter, nominative, singular

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
S
Svarga (heaven)
N
Naraka (hell)
P
Paramam Padam (supreme abode/state)
B
Brahman/Paramātman (implied by the gloss)

Educational Q&A

Pleasure in heaven and pain in hell are still conditioned experiences; the verse points beyond them to the highest good—true, unsurpassed happiness identified with the supreme state (parama-pada), i.e., realization of Brahman/Paramātman.

In the didactic discourse of the Śānti Parva, Bharadvāja states a graded view of realms—heaven, the human world, and hell—and then elevates the discussion by asserting that the ultimate aim is not any realm but the supreme state itself.