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Shloka 2

Adhyāya 164: Gautama as Guest; Kaśyapa’s Satkāra and the Fourfold Arthagati; Journey to Virūpākṣa

लोभो मात्सर्यमीर्ष्या च कुत्सासूया कृपा तथा | एतत्‌ सर्व महाप्राज्ञ याथातथ्येन मे वद,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतश्रेष्ठ! परम बुद्धिमान्‌ पितामह! क्रोध, काम, शोक, मोह, विधित्सा (शास्त्र-विरुद्ध काम करनेकी इच्छा), परासुता (दूसरोंके मारनेकी इच्छा), मद, लोभ, मार्त्सर्य, ईर्ष्या, निन्‍्दा, दोषदृष्टि और कंजूसी (दैन्यभाव)--ये सब दोष किससे उत्पन्न होते हैं? यह ठीक-ठीक बताइये

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | lobho mātsaryam īrṣyā ca kutsāsūyā kṛpā tathā | etat sarva mahāprājña yāthātathyena me vada ||

ຢຸທິດຖິຣ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ຜູ້ມີປັນຍາຍິ່ງ, ຂໍທ່ານຈົ່ງບອກຂ້ອຍດ້ວຍຄວາມຈິງ ແລະ ຢ່າງແນ່ນອນ: ຄວາມບົກພ່ອງເຫຼົ່ານີ້—ຄວາມໂລບ, ຄວາມອິດສາອາຄາດ, ຄວາມອິດສາ, ການດູໝິ່ນ, ການຈ້ອງຫາຜິດ, ແລະ ຄວາມຕະໜີ—ເກີດຈາກບ່ອນໃດ? ຂ້ອຍປາດຖະນາຮູ້ຮາກຖານແທ້ຂອງມັນ ເພື່ອຈະໄດ້ລະວັງຕົນໃນທາງແຫ່ງທຳ».

लोभःgreed
लोभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मात्सर्यम्jealousy/envy
मात्सर्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमात्सर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ईर्ष्याenvy
ईर्ष्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईर्ष्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुत्साcensure
कुत्सा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुत्सा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
असूयाmalice; fault-finding
असूया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसूया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कृपाpity/compassion
कृपा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृपा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तथाalso; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एतत्this (set of things)
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महाप्राज्ञO greatly wise one
महाप्राज्ञ:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
याथातथ्येनwith exactness; truthfully
याथातथ्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयाथातथ्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
वदtell/say
वद:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (implied addressee: mahāprājña/pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral-psychological inquiry: major ethical failings such as greed, envy, jealousy, contempt, and fault-finding have identifiable causes. By asking for their true origin, Yudhiṣṭhira signals that understanding causation is the first step toward restraint, purification of conduct, and living according to dharma.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira, seeking guidance after the war, questions the elder authority (Bhīṣma) about the roots of inner vices. The verse is part of a larger didactic dialogue where the king asks and the teacher explains ethical principles for personal discipline and righteous governance.