Shloka 11
संधेयासंधेय-पुरुषनिर्णयः (Criteria for Allies and Non-Allies) — with the opening of the Gautama narrative
ऋषय: पितरो देवा मनुष्या मृगपक्षिण: । यानि चान्यानि भूतानि स्थावराणि चराणि च
ṛṣayaḥ pitaro devā manuṣyā mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ | yāni cānyāni bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca ||
ພີສະມະໄດ້ກ່າວວ່າ: ນັກລຶດສີ, ປິຕຣະ (ບັນພະບຸລຸດ), ເທວະ, ມະນຸດ, ສັດແລະນົກ—ພ້ອມທັງສັດທັງຫມົດ ທີ່ຢູ່ນິ່ງແລະທີ່ເຄື່ອນໄຫວ—ລ້ວນອຸທິດຕົນໃຫ້ແກ່ຕະປະ. ໂດຍຕະປະນັ້ນເຂົາເຈົ້າຈຶ່ງໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມສຳເລັດ; ແມ່ນແຕ່ເທວະທັງຫຼາຍກໍໄດ້ບັນລຸຕຳແໜ່ງອັນສູງສົ່ງດ້ວຍຕະປະເຊັ່ນກັນ.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Tapas—disciplined austerity and sustained self-control—is presented as a universal principle by which all classes of beings gain power, stability, and attainment; even divine status and high positions are said to be achieved through tapas.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma is teaching about the foundations of dharma and spiritual efficacy. Here he emphasizes, by listing all orders of beings (from sages and gods to animals and plants), that austerity is a common means to accomplishment and elevated states.