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Shloka 3

Adhyāya 159 — Dāna–Dakṣiṇā, Āpaddharma Measures, and Prāyaścitta Classifications

अत: पापमधर्मश्च यथा दुःखमनुत्तमम्‌ | निकृत्या मूलमेतद्धि येन पापकृतो जना:,लोभसे ही पाप, अधर्म तथा महान्‌ दुःखकी उत्पत्ति होती है। शठता तथा छल- कपटका भी मूल कारण लोभ ही है। इसीके कारण मनुष्य पापाचारी हो जाते हैं

ataḥ pāpam adharmaś ca yathā duḥkham anuttamam | nikṛtyā mūlam etad dhi yena pāpakṛto janāḥ ||

ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຈາກຄວາມໂລບ ບາບແລະອະທຳ ກໍເກີດຂຶ້ນ, ພ້ອມທັງຄວາມທຸກອັນໃຫຍ່ຫຼວງຢ່າງຫາທຽບບໍ່ໄດ້. ແທ້ຈິງແລ້ວ ຄວາມໂລບແມ່ນຮາກແຫ່ງການຫລອກລວງ ແລະຄວາມຄົດຄ້ຽວ; ເພາະມັນ ມະນຸດຈຶ່ງກາຍເປັນຜູ້ກະທຳຊົ່ວ.

अतःtherefore; from this
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
पापम्sin; evil
पापम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अधर्मःunrighteousness; adharma
अधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यथाas; just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
दुःखम्sorrow; suffering
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अनुत्तमम्unsurpassed; extreme
अनुत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
निकृत्याby deceit; through fraud
निकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
मूलम्root; cause
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पापकृतःsin-doing; sinful
पापकृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपापकृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Greed (lobha) is presented as the root cause that generates sin (pāpa), unrighteousness (adharma), deceitful behavior (nikṛti), and ultimately intense suffering (anuttama duḥkha).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhishma continues his ethical teaching, diagnosing greed as the underlying source of moral downfall and the suffering that follows.