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Shloka 18

Janamejaya’s Appeal for Pacification and Śaunaka’s Counsel on Humility (जनमेजय-शौनक संवादः)

कथं नु खलु कर्तव्यमिति चिन्तापरस्तदा । बभूव भरतश्रेष्ठ गर्हयन्‌ वृत्तिमात्मन:,ऐसा कहकर कबूतरका मुख कुछ उदास हो गया। वह इस चिन्तामें पड़ गया कि अब मुझे क्या करना चाहिये? भरतश्रेष्ठ वह अपनी कापोती वृत्तिकी निन्‍्दा करने लगा

kathaṁ nu khalu kartavyam iti cintāparastadā | babhūva bharataśreṣṭha garhayan vṛttim ātmanaḥ ||

ໃນຂະນະນັ້ນ ມັນຈົ່ມຢູ່ໃນຄວາມຄິດກັງວົນວ່າ «ແທ້ໆແລ້ວ ບັດນີ້ຄວນເຮັດແນວໃດ?» ນົກພິລາບກໍວຸ້ນວາຍທຸກໃຈ, ໂອ ຜູ້ປະເສີດໃນວົງສາພາຣະຕະ, ແລະເລີ່ມຕຳນິເສັ້ນທາງການປະພຶດຂອງຕົນ ຕຳນິຕົນເອງຕໍ່ສິ່ງທີ່ໄດ້ກະທຳ.

कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
नुindeed/then (particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
खलुsurely/indeed
खलु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootखलु
कर्तव्यम्to be done; duty
कर्तव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
चिन्ता-परःintent on anxiety; absorbed in thought
चिन्ता-परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootचिन्तापर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
बभूवbecame/was
बभूव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formperfect (liṭ), 3rd, singular
भरत-श्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरत-श्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतश्रेष्ठ
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
गर्हयन्censuring/blaming
गर्हयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootगर्ह्
Formpresent (śatṛ), singular, masculine, nominative
वृत्तिम्conduct/behavior
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
आत्मनःof himself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharataśreṣṭha (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)
T
the pigeon (kapota)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical moment of inner reckoning: when one’s actions appear questionable, dharma begins with honest self-examination—asking what ought to be done (kartavyam) and being willing to criticize one’s own conduct (vṛtti) rather than justifying it.

In Bhīṣma’s narration, the pigeon becomes downcast and mentally preoccupied, thinking, “What should I do now?” He reproaches his own behavior, indicating a crisis of conscience and a search for the correct moral response.