Shloka 44
Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद
हस्तिनो<श्वा रथा: पत्तिर्नावो विष्टिस्तथैव च । देशिकाश्चनाविकाश्वैव तदष्टाड़ं बल॑ स्मृतम्,हाथी, घोड़े, रथ, पैदल, नौका, बेगार, देशकी प्रजा तथा भेड़ आदि पशु--ये आठ अंगोंवाला बल आहार्य माना गया है
hastino 'śvā rathāḥ pattir nāvo viṣṭis tathaiva ca | deśikāś ca nāvikāś caiva tad aṣṭāṅgaṃ balaṃ smṛtam ||
ພີດສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: «ຊ້າງ, ມ້າ, ລົດຮົບ ແລະ ທະຫານຍ່າງ; ເຮືອ; ການເກນແຮງງານບັງຄັບ (corvée); ປະຊາຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ; ແລະ ນາຍເຮືອດ້ວຍ—ເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຖືກຈື່ຈຳວ່າເປັນອົງປະກອບ 8 ປະການຂອງກຳລັງທີ່ຖືກລະດົມ».
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma defines ‘bala’ (state power) as an eightfold, practical system: combat arms (elephants, horses, chariots, infantry) plus transport and manpower (boats, boatmen, local populace, and even compelled labour). The point is that a kingdom’s strength depends on organization and logistics as much as on weapons.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship (Rajadharma), Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira on how rulers assess and assemble resources. This verse lists the components that together constitute a mobilized or acquired force used for administration and warfare.