Shloka 2

Devanagari script

अत्यर्थ कोपनो राजा जातवैरश्न पाण्डुषु व्यसन परमं प्राप्त: किमाह परमाहवे

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

atyartha-kopano rājā jātavairaś ca pāṇḍuṣu |

vyasanaṁ paramaṁ prāptaḥ kim āha paramāhave ||

Translation

ໄວສັມປາຍະນະ ກ່າວວ່າ: ກະສັດ ດຸຣະໂຢທະນະ ຜູ້ໂກດແຄ້ນຢ່າງຫນັກ ແລະເກີດມາພ້ອມຄວາມອາຄາດຕໍ່ປານດະວະ ໄດ້ຕົກຢູ່ໃນວິບັດອັນສູງສຸດ ໃນສົງຄາມອັນຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ນັ້ນ. ໃນເວລານັ້ນ ເຂົາໄດ້ເວົ້າຫຍັງ? (ຖາມນີ້ໃນບົດບາດທີ່ຫຼັງຈາກຕົ້ນຂາຂອງເຂົາຖືກທຸບແຕກ ເຂົາລົ້ມລົງສູ່ພື້ນ ແລະ ພີມະເສນະ ວາງຕີນໄວ້ເທິງສີສະຂອງດຸຣະໂຢທະນະ—ການກະທຳທີ່ເນັ້ນໃຫ້ເຫັນຄວາມຕຶງຕັນທາງທຳມະ ລະຫວ່າງຊະນະທີ່ຊອບທຳ ແລະການແກ້ແຄ້ນທີ່ເກີນຂອບ.)

Word by Word

• अत्यर्थम्: excessively, extremely
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्यर्थ

• कोपनः: angry, wrathful
• कोपनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कोपन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• जातवैरः: one whose enmity has arisen (inveterate enemy)
• जातवैरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जातवैर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पाण्डुषु: among/with regard to the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)
• पाण्डुषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डु
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• व्यसनम्: calamity, distress
• व्यसनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यसन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• परमम्: greatest, extreme
• परमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• प्राप्तः: having reached/obtained
• प्राप्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आह: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• परमाहवे: in the great battle
• परमाहवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: परमाहव
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Duryodhana
• Pāṇḍavas
• Bhīmasena
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames a moral turning-point: uncontrolled anger and entrenched hostility culminate in ruin. It invites reflection on how pride and vengeance distort dharma even at the moment of victory, and how ethical restraint is tested most severely in war’s aftermath.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana sets up Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s inquiry to Sañjaya about Duryodhana’s reaction after being grievously defeated—his thighs broken and humiliated by Bhīma’s act of placing a foot on his head. The verse functions as a lead-in to Duryodhana’s ensuing speech.