Shloka 42

Duryodhana-vadha-pratikriyā: Harṣa, Nindā, and Kṛṣṇa’s Nīti-vyākhyā (Śalya-parva 60)

Devanagari script

प्रोवाच सुमहातेजा धर्मराजं युधिष्ठिरम्‌ । हर्षादुत्फुल्ललयनो जितकाशी विशाम्पते

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

provāca sumahātejā dharmarājaṃ yudhiṣṭhiram |

harṣād utphullalocano jitakāśī viśāṃpate prajānātha |

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະກ່າວວ່າ: ໃນເວລານັ້ນ ພີມະເສນ ຜູ້ມີລັດສະໝີອັນຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ ສ່ອງສະຫວ່າງດ້ວຍໄຊຊະນະ ດວງຕາບານດ້ວຍຄວາມຍິນດີ ໄດ້ກ່າວກັບທັມມະຣາຊາ ຢຸທິສຖິຣະວ່າ: «ໂອ ຈອມເຈົ້າແຫ່ງປະຊາ!»

Word by Word

• प्रोवाच: said, spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सुमहातेजाः: very great in splendor
• सुमहातेजाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुमहातेजस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मराजम्: the king of dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira)
• धर्मराजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• युधिष्ठिरम्: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• हर्षात्: from/with joy
• हर्षात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर्ष
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• उत्फुल्ललयनो: with eyes blossomed (wide) in delight
• उत्फुल्ललयनो: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्फुल्ललयन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• जितकाशी: he who has conquered Kāśī
• जितकाशी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जितकाशि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विशाम्पते: O lord of the people
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाम्पति
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• प्रजानाथ: O protector/lord of subjects
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजानाथ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Bhimasena (Bhima)
• Yudhishthira (Dharmaraja)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid war, the verse foregrounds ethical kingship: Yudhishthira is addressed as Dharmaraja, viśāṃpati, and prajānātha—titles that remind a ruler that victory must be oriented toward dharma and the protection of subjects, not mere triumph.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya narrates that Bhima, radiant with the confidence and glow of victory and with eyes bright from joy, turns to speak to Yudhishthira, addressing him with royal and protective epithets.